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OFFICE COPY 


OF THE 


LAWS, REGULATIONS ETC., 


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OF THE 


INDIAN BUREAU. 


1850 . 

U. S. O^e 4 1**.* 



WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1 869 . 








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No. 33. 


TWO ACTS IX RELATION TO INDIAN AFFAIRS. 

ACT to regulate trade and intercourse with Iudiau tribes, and to preserve peace on the 

frontiers. 

Section 1 . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled , That all that part of the 
United States west of the Mississippi, and not within the States of Mis¬ 
souri and Louisiana, or the Territory of Arkansas; and, also, that part 
ot the United States east of the Mississippi river, and not within any 
State to which the Indian title lias not been extinguished, for the pur¬ 
poses of this act, be taken and deemed to be the Indian country. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted , That no person shall be permitted 
to trade with any of the Indians, (in the Indian country,) without a 
license therefor from a superintendent of Indian affairs, or Indian agent, 
or subwigent; which license shall be issued for a term not exceeding two 
years for the tribes east of the Mississippi, and not exceeding three 
years for the tribes west of that river. And the person applying for 
such license shall give bond in a penal sum not exceeding five thousand 
dollars, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the person issuing 
the same, conditioned that such person will faithfully observe all the 
laws and regulations made for the government of trade and intercourse 
with the Indian* tribes, and in no respect violate the same. And the 
superintendent of the district shall have power to revoke and cancel 
the same, whenever the person licensed shall, in his opinion, have trans¬ 
gressed any of the laws or regulations provided for the government of 
trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, or that it would be 
improper to permit him to remain in the Indian country. And no trade 
with the said tribes shall be carried on within their boundary, except at 
certain suitable and convenient places, to be designated from time to 
time by the superintendents, agents, and sub-agents, and to be inserted 
in the license. And it shall be the duty of the persons granting or 
revoking such licenses forthwith to report the same to the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs for his approval or disapproval. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted , That any superintendent or agent 
may refuse an application for a license to trade if he is satisfied that the 
applicant is a person of bad character, or that it w 7 ould be improper to 
permit him to reside in the Indian county; or if a license, previously 
granted to such applicant, has been revoked, or a forfeiture of his bond 
decreed. But an appeal may be had from the agent or the superintend¬ 
ent to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; and the President of the 
United States shall be authorized, whenever in his opinion the public 
interest may require the same, to prohibit the introduction of goods, or 
of any particular article, into the country belonging to any Indian tribe, 
and to direct all licenses to trade w ith such tribe to be revoked, and all 
applications therefor to be rejected; and no trader to any other tribe 
shall, so long as such prohibition may continue, trade with any Indians 
of, or for, the tribe against which such prohibition is issued. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted , That any person, other than an 
Indian, w r lio shall attempt to reside in the Indian country as a trader, or 


4 


to introduce goods, or to trade therein without such license, shall forfeit 
all merchandise offered for sale to the Indians, or found in Ids'posses¬ 
sion., and shall, moreover, forfeit and pay the sum of live hundred 
dollars. 

Sec. 5. And be it further enacted , That no license to trade with the 
Indians shall be granted to any persons except citizens of the United 
States: Provided , That the President shall be authorized to allow the 
employment of foreign boatmen and interpreters, under such regula¬ 
tions as he may prescribe. 

Sec. 6. And be it further enacted , That if a foreigner shall go into 
the Indian country without a passport from the War Department, the 
superintendent, agent, or sub-agent of Indian affairs, or from the officer 
of the United States commanding the nearest military post on the fron¬ 
tiers, or shall remain intentionally therein after the expiration of such 
passport, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of one thousand dollars; and 
such passport shall express the object of spell person, the time he is 
allowed to remain, and the route he is to travel. 

Sec. 7. And be it further enacted , That if any person, other than an 
Indian, shall, within the Indian country, purchase or receive of any 
Indian, in the way of barter, trade, or pledge, a gun, trap, or other 
article commonly used in hunting, any instrument of husbandry or 
cooking utensils, of the kind commonly obtained by the Indians in their 
intercourse with the white people, or any other article of clothing 
except skins or furs, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars. 

Sec. 8. And be it further enacted , That if any person, other than an 
Indian, shall, within the limits of any tribe with whom the United 
States shall have existing treaties, hunt, or trap, or take and destroy 
any peltries, or game, except for subsistence, in the Indian country, 
such person shall forfeit the sum of five hundred dollars, and forfeit all 
the traps, guns, and ammunition in his possession, used or procured to 
be used for that purpose, and peltries so taken. 

Sec. 9. And be it further enacted , That if any person shall drive, or 
otherwise convey, any stock of horses, mules, or cattle, to range and 
feed on any land belonging to any Indian or Indian tribe, without the 
consent of such tribe, such person shall forfeit the sum of one dollar 
for each animal of such stock. 

Sec. 10. And be it further enacted , That the superintendent of Indian 
affairs, and Indian agents, and sub-agents, shall have authority to 
remove from the Indian country all persons found therein contrary to 
law; and the President of the United States is authorized to direct the 
military force to be employed in such removal. 

Sec. 11. And be it further enacted , That if any person shall make a 
settlement on any lauds belonging, secured, or granted, by treaty with 
the United States, to any Indian tribe, or shall survey, or shall attempt 
to survey, such lands, or designate any of the boundaries, by marking 
trees, or otherwise, such offender shall forfeit and pay the sum of one 
thousand dollars. And it shall, moreover, be lawful for the President of 
the United States to take such measures, and to employ such military 
force as he may judge necessary, to remove from the lands as aforesaid 
any such person as aforesaid. 

Sec. 12. And be it further enacted , That no purchase, grant, lease, or 
other conveyance of lands, or of any title or claim thereto, from any 
Indian nation or tribe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or 
equity, unless the same be made by treaty or convention entered into 
pursuant to the Constitution. And if any person, not employed under 
the authority of the United States, shall attempt to negotiate such treaty 


5 


or convention, directly or indirectly, to treat with any such nation or 
tribe of Indians for the title or purchase of any lands by them held or 
claimed, such person shall forfeit and pay one thousand dollars: Pro j 
vided , nevertheless , That it shall be lawful for the agent or agents of any 
State who may be present at any treaty held with Indians under the 
authority of the United States, in the presence aiid with the approba¬ 
tion of the commissioner or commissioners of the United States ap¬ 
pointed to hold the same, to propose to, and adjust with, the Indians, 
the compensation to be made for their claim to lands within such State, 
which shall be extinguished by treaty. 

Sec. 13. And he it further enacted, That if any citizen or other person, 
residing within the United States or the territory thereof, shall send any 
talk, speech, message, or letter, to any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or in¬ 
dividual, with an intent to produce a contravention or infraction of any 
treaty or other law of the United States, or to disturb the peace and 
tranquility of the United States, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of two 
thousand dollars. 

Sec. 14. And he it further enacted , That if any citizen or other person 
shall carry or deliver any such talk, message, speech, or letter, to or from 
any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual, from or to any person or 
persons whatsoever residing within the United States, or from or to any 
subject, citizen, or agent of any foreign power or State, knowing the con¬ 
tents thereof, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of one thousand dollars. 

Sec. 15. And he it further enacted , That if any citizen or other person, 
residing or living among the Indians, or elsewhere within the territory 
of the United States, shall carry on a correspondence, by letter or other¬ 
wise, with any foreign nation or power, with an intent to induce such 
foreign nation or power to excite any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or indi¬ 
vidual, to war against the United States, or to the violation of any exist¬ 
ing treaty; or in case any citizen or other person shall alienate, or 
attempt to alienate, the confidence of any Indian or Indians from the 
government of the United States, he shall forfeit the sum of one thou¬ 
sand dollars. 

Sec. 10. And he it further enacted , That where, in the commission, by 
a white person, of any crime, offence, or misdemeanor within the Indian 
country, the property of any friendly Indian is taken, injured, or de¬ 
stroyed, and a conviction is had for such crime, offence, or misdemeanor, 
the person so convicted shall be sentenced to pay to such friendly Indian 
to whom the property maj" belong, or whose person may be injured, a 
sum equal to twice tne just value of the property so taken, injured, or 
destroyed. And if such offender shall be unable to pay a sum at least 
equal to the just value or amount, whatever such payment shall fall 
short of the same shall be paid out of the treasury of the United States: 
Provided , That no such Indian shall be entitled to any payment out of 
the treasury of the United States for any such property, if he, or any of 
the nation to which he belongs, shall have sought private revenge, or 
attempted to obtain satisfaction by any force or violence: And provided 
also , That if such offender cannot be apprehended and brought to trial, 
the amount of such property shall be paid out of the treasury as afore¬ 
said. 

Sec. 17. And he it further enacted, That if any Indian or Indians be¬ 
longing to any tribe in amity with the United States shall, within the 
Indian country, take or destroy the property of any person lawfully within 
such country, or shall pass from the Indian country into any State or 
Territory inhabited by citizens of the United States, and there take, steal, 
or destroy, any horse, horses, or other property belonging to any citizen 


6 


or inhabitant of the United States, such citizen or inhabitant, his repre¬ 
sentative, attorney, or agent, may make application to the proper super¬ 
intendent, agent, or sub-agent, who, upon being furnished with the 
necessary documents and proofs, shall, under the direction of the Presi¬ 
dent, make application to the nation or tribe to which said Indian or 
Indians shall belong for satisfaction; and if such nation or tribe shall 
neglect or refuse to make satisfaction in a reasonable time, not exceed¬ 
ing twelve months, it shall be the duty of such superintendent, agent, 
or sub-agent, to make return of his doings to the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, that such further steps may be taken as shall be proper, in the 
opinion of the President, to obtain satisfaction for the injury; and, in 
the meantime, in respect to the property so taken, stolen, or destroyed, 
the United States guarantee to the party so injured an eventual indem¬ 
nification : Provided , That if such injured party, his representative, 
attorney, or agent, shall, in any way, violate any of the provisions of 
this act, by seeking or attempting to obtain private satisfaction or re¬ 
venge, he shall forfeit all claim upon the United States for such indem¬ 
nification: And provided also , That unless such claim shall be presented 
within three years after the commission of the injury, the same shall be 
barred. And if the nation or tribe to which such Indian may belong 
receive an annuity from the United States, such claim shall, at the next 
payment of the annuity, be deducted therefrom and paid to the party 
injured ;* and if no annuity is payable to such nation or tribe, then the 
amount of the claim shall be paid from the treasury of the United States: 
Provided , That nothing herein contained shall prevent the legal appre¬ 
hension and punishment of any Indians having so offended. 

Sec. 18. And be it f urther enacted , That the superintendents, agents, 
and sub-agents, within their respective districts, be, and are hereby, 
authorized and empowered to take depositions of witnesses touching 
any depredations within the purview of the two preceding sections of 
this act, and to administer an oath to the deponents. 

Sec. 19. And be. it further enacted , That it shall be the duty of the 
superintendents, agents, and sub-agents to endeavor to procure the 
arrest and trial of all Indians accused* of committing any crime, offence, 
or misdemeanor, and all other persons who may have committed crimes 
or offences within any State or Territory, and have fled into the Indian 
country, either by demanding the same to the chiefs of the proper tribe, 
or by such other means as the President may authorize; and the Presi¬ 
dent may direct the military force of the United States to be employed 
in the apprehension of such Indians, and also in preventing, or termi¬ 
nating hostilities between any of the Indian tribes. 

Sec. 20.f And be it further enacted , That if any person shall sell, ex- 

* Amended as follows by act approved February 28, 1859: 

Skction 8. And be it further enacted , That so much of the act entitled “An act to regulate 
trade aud intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers,” approved 
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four, as provides that the United States shall 
make indemnification out of the treasury for property taken or destroyed, in certain cases, 
by Indians trespassing on white men as described in said act, be, and the same is hereby,* 
repealed : Provided , however , That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to iml 
pair or destroy the obligation of the Indians to make indemnification out of the annuities 
as provided in said act. 

t Amended as follows by act approved February 13, 1862: That the twentieth section of 
the “ act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on 
the frontiers,” approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four, be, and the same 
is hereby, amended, so as to read as follows, to wit: 

“ Sec. 20. And be it further enacted , That if any person shall sell, exchange, give, barter 
or dispose of any spirituous liquor or wine to any Indian under the charge of any Indian 
superintendent or Indian agent appointed by the United States, or shall introduce, or attempt 
to introduce, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, such person, on con- 




7 


change, or give, barter, or dispose of, any spirituous liquor or wine to an 
Indian, (in the Indian country,) such person shall forfeit and pay the 
sum ol five hundred dollars ; and it any person shall introduce, or attempt 
to introduce, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, except 
such supplies as shall be necessary for the officers of the United States 
and troops of the service, under the direction of the War Department, 
such person shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding three hundred 
dollars ; and if any superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian agent, sub- 
agent, or commanding officer of a military post, has reason to suspect, 
or is informed, that any white person or Indian is about to introduce, or 
lias introduced, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, 
in violation of the provisions of this section, it shall be lawful for such 
superintendent, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or military officer, agreeably 
to such regulations as may be established by the President of the United 
States, to cause the boats, stores, packages, and places of deposit of such 
person to be searched, and if any such spirituous liquor or wane is found, 
the goods, boats, packages, and peltries of such persons shall be seized 
and delivered fo the proper officer, and shall be proceeded against by 
libel, in the proper court, and forfeited, one-half to the use of the in¬ 
former, and the other half to the use of the United States; and if such 
person is a trader, his license shall be revoked, and his bond put in suit. 
And it shall, moreover, be lawful for any person in the service of the 
United States, or for any Indian, to take and destroy any ardent spirits 
or wine found in the Indian country, excepting military supplies, as 
mentioned in this section. 

Sec. 21. And be it further enacted , That if any person whatever shall, 
within the limits of the Indian country, set up or continue any distillery 
for manufacturing ardent spirits, he shall forfeit and pay a penalty of 
one thousand dollars; and it shall be the duty of the superintendent of 
Indian affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, within the limits of whose 
agency the same shall be set up or continued, forthwith to destroy and 
break up the same; and it shall be lawful to employ the military force 
of the United States in executiug that duty. 

Sec. 22. And be it further enacted , That in all trials about the right 
of property, in which an Indian may be a party on one side and a white 
person on the other, the burden of proof shall rest upon the white per¬ 
son, whenever the Indian shall make out a presumption of title in him¬ 
self from the fact of previous possession or ownership. 

Sec. 23. And be it further enacted , That it shall be lawful for the 
military force of the United States to be employed, in such manner 

viction thereof before the proper district court of the United States, shall be imprisoned for 
a period not exceeding two years, and shall be fined not more than three hundred dol¬ 
lars : Provided, however , That it shall be a sufficient defence to any charge of introducing, 
or attempting to introduce, liquor into the Indian country if it be proved to be done by order 
df the War Department, or of any officer duly authorized thereto by the War Department. 
And if any superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or commanding offi¬ 
cer of a military post, has reason to suspect, or is informed, that any white person or Indian 
is about to introduce, or has introduced, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian coun¬ 
try, in violation of the provisions of this section, it shall be lawful for such superintendent, 
agent, sub-agent, or commanding officer to cause the boats, stores, packages, wagons, sleds, 
and places of deposit of such persons to be searched ; and if any such liquor is found therein, 
the same, together with the boats, teams, wagons, and sleds used in conveying the same, 
and also the goods, packages, and peltries of such person, shall be seized and delivered to the 
proper officer, and shall be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited—one- 
half to the informer, and the other half to the use of the United States; and if such person 
be a trader, his license shall be revoked and his bond put in suit. And it shall moreover be 
lawful for any person in the service of the United States, or for any Indian, to take and 
destroy any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, except such as may be intro¬ 
duced therein by the War Department; and in all cases arising under this act Indians shall 
be competent witnesses. 



8 


and under such regulations as the President may direct, in the ap¬ 
prehension of every person who shall or may be found in the Indian 
country in violation of any of the provisions of this act, and him im¬ 
mediately to convey from said Indian country, in the nearest con¬ 
venient and safe route, to the civil authority of the Territory or judi¬ 
cial district in which said person shall be found, to be proceeded 
against in due course of law; and also in the examination and seizure 
of stores, packages, and boats, authorized by the twentieth section of 
this act, and in preventing the introduction of persons and property 
into the Indian country contrary to law; which persons and property 
shall be proceeded against according to law: Provided , That no per¬ 
son, apprehended by military force as aforesaid, shall be detained 
longer than live days after the arrest, and before removal. And all 
officers and soldiers who may have any such person or persons in cus¬ 
tody shall treat them with all the humanity which the circumstances 
will possibly permit; and every officer or soldier who shall be guilty 
of maltreating any such person, while in custody, shall suffer such 
punishment as a court-martial shall direct. 

Sec. 24. And be it further enacted. That, for the sole purpose of 
carrying this act into effect, all that part of the Indian country west 
of the Mississippi river that is bounded north by the north line of 
lands assigned to the Osage tribe of Indians, produced east to the 
State of Missouri, west by the Mexican possessions, south by Red 
river, and east by the west line of the Territory of Arkansas and the 
State of Missouri, shall be, and hereby is, annexed to the Territory 
of Arkansas; and that, for the purpose aforesaid, the residue of the 
Indian country west of said Mississippi river shall be, and hereby is, 
annexed to the judicial district of Missouri; and, for the purpose 
aforesaid, the several portions of Indian country east of the said Mis¬ 
sissippi river shall be, and are hereby, severally,annexed to the Terri¬ 
tory in which they are situate. 

Sec. 25. And be it further enacted, That so much of the laws of the 
United States as provides for the punishment of crimes committed 
within any place within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the 
United States shall be in force in the Indian country: Provided , The 
same shall not extend to crimes committed by one Indian against the 
person or property of another Indian. 

Sec. 26. And be it further enacted, That if any person who shall be 
charged with a violation of any of the provisions or regulations of this 
act shall be found within any of the United States, or either of the 
Territories, such oftendfrs may be there apprehended, and transported 
to the Territory or judicial district having jurisdiction of the same. 

Sec. 27. And be it further enacted, That all penalties which shall accrue 
under this act shall be sued for and recovered in an action of debt, in 
the name of the United States, before any court having jurisdiction 
of the same, (in any State or Territory in which the defendant shall be 
arrested or found,) the one half to the use of the informer, and the other 
half to the use of the United States, except when the prosecution shall 
be first instituted on behalf of the United States; in which case the 
whole shall be to their use. 

Sec. 28. And be it further enacted , That when goods or other property 
shall be seized for any violation of this act, it shall be lawful for the 
person prosecuting on behalf of the United States to proceed against 
such goods, or other property, in the manner directed to be observed in 
the case of goods, wares, or merchandise brought into the United States 
in violation of the revenue laws. 

Sec. 29. And be it further enacted , That the following acts and parts 


9 


of acts shall he, and the same are hereby, repealed, namely: An act to 
make provision relative to rations for Indians, and to their visits to the 
seat of government, approved May thirteen, eighteen hundred; an act 
to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve 
peace on the frontiers, approved March thirty, eighteen hundred and 
two; an act supplementary to the act passed thirtieth March, eighteen 
hundred and two, to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian 
tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers, approved April twenty- 
nine, eighteen hundred and sixteen; an act for the punishment of crimes 
and offenses committed within the Indian boundaries, approved March 
three, eighteen hundred and seventeen; the first and second sections of 
the act directing the manner of appointing Indian agents, and continuing 
the u Act establishing trading-houses with the Indian tribes,” approved 
April sixteen, eighteen hundred and eighteen; an act fixing the com¬ 
pensation of Indian agents and factors, approved April twenty, eighteen 
hundred and eighteen; an act supplementary to the act entitled “An act 
to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts,” approved Feb¬ 
ruary twenty-four, eighteen hundred and nineteen; the eighth section of 
the act making appropriations to carry into effect treaties concluded with 
several Indian tribes therein mentioned, approved March three, eighteen 
hundred and nineteen; the second section of the act to continue in force 
for a further time the act entitled “An act for establishing trading- 
houses with the Indian tribes, and for other purposes,” approved March 
three, eighteen hundred and nineteen; an act to amend an act entitled 
u An act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to 
preserve peace on the frontiers,” approved thirtieth of March, eighteen 
hundred and two, approved May six, eighteen hundred and twenty-two; 
an act providing for the appointment of an agent for the Osage Indians 
west of the State of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, and for other 
purposes, approved May eighteen, eighteen hundred and twenty-four; 
the third, fourth, and'fifth sections of “An act to enable the President 
to hold treaties with certain Indian tribes, and for other purposes,” 
approved May twenty-five, eighteen hundred and twenty-four; the 
second section of the “Act to aid certain Indians of the Creek nation 
in their removal to the west of the Mississippi,” approved May twenty, 
eighteen hundred and twenty-six; and an act to authorize the appoint¬ 
ment of a sub-agent to the Winnebago Indians, on Eock river, approved 
February twenty-five, eighteen hundred and thirty-one: Provided , how¬ 
ever, That such repeal shall not affect any rights acquired, or punish¬ 
ments, penalties, or forfeitures incurred under either of the acts or parts 
of acts, nor impair or affect the intercourse act of eighteen hundred and 
two, so far as the same relates to or concerns Indian tribes residing east 
of the Mississippi: And provided also , That such repeal shall not be con¬ 
strued to revive any acts or parts of acts repealed by either of the acts 
or sections herein described. 

Sec. 30. And he it further enacted. That until a Western Territory shall 
be established, the two agents for the Western Territory, as provided in 
the act for the organization of the Indian department, this day approved 
by the President, shall execute the duties of agents for such tribes as 
may be directed by the President of the United States. And it shall be 
competent for the President to assign to one of the said agents, in addi¬ 
tion to his proper duties, the duties of superintendent for such district 
of country, or for such tribes as the President may think fit. And the 
powers of the superintendent at St. Louis, over such district or tribes as 
may be assigned to such acting superintendents, shall cease: Provided , 
That no additional compensation shall be allowed for such services/ 

Approved, June 30, 1834. [Stat. at Large, vol. 4, p. 729, &c.] 


10 


AN ACT to provide for the organization of the department of Indian affairs. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by tlie Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled , That the duties of 
the governors of the Territories of Florida and Arkansas, as superin¬ 
tendents of Indian affairs, sliall hereafter cease, and the duties of the 
governor of the Territory of Michigan, as superintendent of Indian 
affairs, shall cease from and after the establishment of a new Territory, 
embracing the country west of Lake Michigan, should such a Territory 
be established. And while the governor ot the said Territory of Mich¬ 
igan continues to act as a superintendent of Indian affairs, he shall 
receive therefor the annual sum of one thousand dollars, in full of all 
allowances, emoluments, or compensation for services in said capacity. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted , That there shall be a superintend¬ 
ency of Indian affairs for all the Indian country not within the bounds 
of any State or Territory west of the Mississippi river, the superintend¬ 
ent of which shall reside at St. Louis, and shall annually receive a salary 
of fifteen hundred dollars. 

Sec. 3. And be it f urther enacted , That superintendents of Indian 
affairs shall, within their several suprintendeneies, exercise a general 
supervision and control over the official conduct and accounts of all 
officers and persons employed by the government in the Indian depart¬ 
ment, under such regulations as shall be established by the President of 
the United States; aud may suspend such officers and persons from their 
office or employments, for reasons forthwith to be communicated to the 
Secretary of War. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted , That the following Indian agents 
shall be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall hold their offices for 
[the] term of four years, and who shall give bond, with two or more 
securities, in the penal sum of two thousand dollars, for the faithful 
execution of the same, and sliall receive the annual compensation of 
fifteen hundred dollars: 

Two agents for the Western Territory. 

An agent for the Chickasaws. 

An agent for the Eastern Olierokees. 

An agent for the Florida Indians. 

An agent for the Indians in the State of Indiana. 

An agent at Chicago. 

An agent at Pock Island. 

An agent at Prairie du Chlen. 

An agent for Michilimackinac and Sault Sainte Marie. 

An agent for the Saint Peter’s. 

An agent for the Upper Missouri. 

And the following agencies shall be discontinued at the periods herein 
mentioned—that is to say: 

The Florida agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December 
next. 

The Cherokee agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December 
next. 

The Indiana agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December, 
eighteen hundred and thirty-six. 

The Chicago agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December 
next. 

The Pock Island agency, from and after the thirty-first day of Decem¬ 
ber, eighteen hundred and thirty-six. 



11 


And all other agencies, not provided for in this act, from and after 
the passing thereof: Provided , That the limitation of the said agencies 
shall not be construed to prevent the President of the United States 
from discontinuing the same at an earlier period. And the President 
shall be, and he is hereby, authorized, whenever he may judge it expe¬ 
dient, to discontinue any Indian agency, or to transfer the same, from 
the place or tribe designated by law, to such other place or tribe as the 
public service may require. And every Indian agent shall reside and 
keep hjs agency within or near the territory of the tribe for which he 
may be agent, and at such place as the President may designate, and 
shall not depart from the limit* of his agency without permission. And 
it shall be competent for the President to require any military officer of 
the United States to execute the duties of Indian agent. 

Sec. 5. And be it further enacted , That a competent number of sub¬ 
agents shall be appointed by the President, with an annual salary of 
seveu hundred and fifty dollars each, to be employed and to reside 
wherever the President may direct, and who shall give bonds, with one 
or more sureties, in the penal sum of one thousand dollars, for the faithful 
execution of the same. But no sub-agent shall be appointed who shall 
reside within the limits of any agency where there is an agent appointed. 

Sec. 0 . Arid be it further enacted , That nothing herein contained shall 
be construed to require the reappointment of persons now in office until 
the expiration of their present term of service; but the commissions of 
all Indian agents and sub-agents, nowin office, shall expire on the fourth 
day of March next, unless sooner terminated. 

Sec. 7. And be it further enacted , That the limits of each agency and 
sub-agency shall be established by the Secretary of War, either by tribes 
or by geographical boundaries. And it shall be the general duty of 
Indian agents and sub-agents to manage and superintend the intercourse 
with the Indians within their respective agencies, agreeably to law; to 
obey all legal instructions given to them by the Secretary of War, the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, or the superintendent of Indian affairs; 
and to carry into effect such regulations as may be prescribed by the 
President. 

Sec. 8 . And be it further enacted. That the President of the United 
States may, from time to time, require additional security, and in larger 
amounts, from all persons charged or trusted, under the laws of the 
United States, with the disbursement or application of money, goods, 
or effects of any kind, on account of the Indian department. 

Sec. 9. And be it further enacted , That an interpreter shall be allowed 
to each agency, who shall receive an annual salary of three hundred 
dollars: Provided , That where there are different tribes in the same 
agency, speaking different languages, one interpreter may be allowed, 
at the discretion of the Secretary of War, for each of the said tribes. 
Interpreters shall be nominated by the proper agents to the War Depart¬ 
ment for approval, and may be suspended, by the agent, from pay and 
duty, and the circumstances reported to the War Department for final 
action; and blacksmiths shall, in like manner, be employed wherever 
required by treaty stipulations, and such blacksmith shall receive an 
annual compensation of four hundred and eighty dollars, and if they 
furnish their shop and tools, an additional sum of one hundred and 
twenty dollars; and their assistants shall be allowed an annual com¬ 
pensation of two hundred and forty dollars. And wherever farmers, 
mechanics, or teachers, are required by treaty stipulations to be pro¬ 
vided, they shall be employed under the direction of the War Depart¬ 
ment, and shall receive an annual compensation of not less than four 


12 


hundred and eighty dollars, nor more than six hundred dollars. And 
in all cases of the appointments of interpreters, or other persons employed 
for the benefit of the Indians, a preference shall be given to persons of 
Indian descent, if such can be found who are properly qualified for the 
execution of the duties. And where any of the tribes are, in the opinion 
of the Secretary of War, competent to direct the employment of their 
blacksmiths, mechanics, teachers, farmers, or other persons engaged for 
them, the direction of such persons may be given to the proper authority 
of the tribe. 

Sec. 10. And be it further enacted , That the compensation prescribed 
by this act shall be in full of all emoluments, or allowances whatsoever: 
Provided , however , That, where necessary, a reasonable allowance or 
provision may be made for offices and office contingencies: And provided 
also , That where persons are required, in the performance of the duties 
under this act, to travel from one place to another, their actual expenses, 
or a reasonable sum in lieu thereof, may be allowed them: And provided 
also , That no allowance shall be made to any person for travel or expenses 
in coming to the seat of government to settle his account, unless thereto 
required by the Secretary of War: And provided also , That no person 
shall hold more than one office at the same time under this act, nor shall 
any agent, sub-agent, interpreter, or person employed under this act, 
receive his salary while absent from his agency or employment, without 
leave of the superintendent or Secretary of War, provided such absence 
shall at no time exceed sixty days. » 

Sec. 11. And be it further enacted , That the payment of all annuities, 
or other sums stipulated by treaty to be made to any Indian tribe, shall 
be made to the chiefs of such tribe, or to such person as said tribe shall 
appoint j or if any tribe shall appropriate their annuities to the purpose 
of education, or to any other specific use, then to such person or persons 
as such tribe shall designate. 

Sec. 12. And be it further enacted , That it shall be lawful for the Presi¬ 
dent of the United States, at the request of any Indian tribe to which 
any annuity shall be payable in money, to cause the same to be paid in 
goods, purchased as provided in the next section of this act. 

Sec. 13. And be it f urther enacted , That all merchandise required by 
any Indian treaty for the Indians, payable after making of such treaty, 
shall be purchased under the direction of the Secretary of War, upon 
proposals to be received, to be based on notices previously to be given$ 
and all merchandise required at the making of any Indian treaty shall 
be purchased under the order of the commissioners, by such person as 
they shall appoint, or by such person as shall be designated by the 
President for that purpose. And all other purchases on account of tile 
Indians, and all payments to them of money or goods, shall be made by 
such person as the President shall designate for that purpose. And the 
superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, together with such military officer 
as the President may direct, shall be present and certify to the delivery 
of all goods and money required to be paid or delivered to the Indians. 
And the duties required by any section of this act of military officers 
shall be performed without any other compensation than their actual 
traveling expenses; and all persons whatsoever charged or trusted with 
the disbursement or application of money, goods, or effects of any kind, 
for the benefit of the Indians, shall settle their accounts annually at the 
War Department, on the first day of October; and copies of the same 
shall be laid annually before Congress, at the commencement of the en¬ 
suing session, by the proper accounting officers, together with the list 
of the names of all persons to whom money, goods, or effects had been 


13 


delivered within said year, for the benefit of the Indians, specifying the 
amount and object for which it was intended, and showing who are de¬ 
linquents, if any, in forwarding their accounts according to the provi¬ 
sions of this act; and also a list of the names of all persons appointed 
or employed under this act, with the dates of their appointment or em- 
ployment, and the salary and pay of each. 

Sec. 14. And be it further enacted , That no person employed in the 
Indian department shall have any interest or concern in any trade 
with the Indians, except for, and on account of the United States; and 
any person offending herein shall forfeit the sum of five thousand dollars; 
and upon satisfactory information of such offence being laid before the 
President of the United States, it shall become his duty to remove such 
person from the office or situation he may hold. 

Sec. 15. And be it further enacted , That the President shall be, and he 
is* hereby, authorized to cause any of the friendly Indians west of the 
Mississippi river, and north of the boundary of the Western Territory, and 
the region upon Lake Superior, and the head of the Mississippi, to*be 
furnished with useful domestic animals and implements of husbandry, 
and with goods, as he shall think proper: Provided , that the whole amount 
of such presents shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dollars. 

Sec. 16. And be it further enacted , That the President be, and he is 
hereby, authorized to cause such rations as he shall judge proper, and 
as can be spared from the army provisions, without injury to the ser¬ 
vice, to be issued, under such regulations as he shall think fit to estab¬ 
lish, to Indians who may visit the military posts or agencies of the 
United States on the frontiers, or in their respective nations, and a 
special account of these issues shall be kept and rendered. 

Sec. 17. And be it further enacted , That the President of the United 
States shall be, and he is hereby, authorized to prescribe such rules and 
regulations as he may think fit, for carrying into effect the various pro¬ 
visions of this act, and of any other act relating to Indian affairs, and 
for the settlement of the accounts of the Indian departments. 

Sec. 18. And be it further enacted , That all acts or parts of acts con¬ 
trary to the provisions of this act shall be, and the same are hereby, 
repealed. 

Approved June 30, 1834. fStat. at Large, vol. 4, p. 735, &c.] 


No. 34. 


Regulations prescribing the mode in which the act of the 9th of July, 1832, 
providing for the appointment of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, shall 
be executed . 


1. The act'of the 9th of July, 1832, entitled “An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and for other pur¬ 
poses,” requiring that the President should prescribe regulations for its 
execution, the duty of carrying it into effect is hereby assigned to the 
Secretary of War, who will immediately revise the existing regulations 
and prescribe a new set, as to the mode in which business shall be done 
by the Commissioner, adapted to the present condition and duties of the 


office. 

2. From the time when such new regulations shall have been pre¬ 
scribed, those heretofore adopted on this subject shall be, and are hereby, 

rescinded. _ __ 

ANDEEW JACKSON. 


Washington, November 8,1836. 



14 


REVISED REGULATIONS.—No. I. 

f Concerning the execution of the act of the Oth of July, 1832, providing for 
the appointment of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

1. All business connected with, or arising out of, Indian relations will 
be transacted in the office of Indian Affairs, under the management and 
direction of the Commissioner, appointed under the act of July 9, 1832, 
and that officer will be held responsible for its prompt, faithful, and legal 
execution; subject, however, in all things to the supervision of the Presi¬ 
dent and Secretary of War. 

2. The six clerks and messenger heretofore employed in the office, and 
the six clerks and messenger heretofore employed in the office of the 
Commissary General of Subsistence, on business relating to Indian 
emigration, are hereby assigned to duty in the office of Indian Affairs. 

3. To each of the clerks the Commissioner wilPassign such duties as 
the public service may seem to him to render proper. 

4. Such record books will be kept, and such arrangement of papers, 
books, tiles, &c., be made, as the Commissioner may deem proper. 

5. The administrative examination of accounts, claims, &c., required 
by law to be had in the office, will be conducted upou the following 
principles: 

First. All claims and accounts for expenditures will be rigidly exam¬ 
ined, and, when authorized by law, or by the regulations and instruc¬ 
tions, or when, in the exercise of a sound discretion, the Commissioner 
is of opinion the expenditure or claim is proper and just, they will 
receive his sanction and then be passed to the Second Auditor for set¬ 
tlement. When illegal, or contrary to the regulations or instructions, 
or when, in the opinion of the Commissioner, the expenditure or claim 
is improper and unjust, he will withhold his sanction, and state his 
objection for the consideration of the accounting officers. But in all 
cases of difficulty or importance, depending on discretionary authority, 
the Commissioner will take the direction of the Secretary of War. 

Second. The Commissioner will, in all cases, examine the circumstances, 
of each expenditure, and where the amount is not previously fixed, he 
will ascertain the reasonableness of the claim, and annex such explana- 
. tory observations as may the better enable the accounting officers to per¬ 
form their duty. 

Third. Where particular instructions, authorizing the service or expen¬ 
diture, have been given, and are necessary to a just decision of the mat¬ 
ter, the proper extracts therefrom will be transmitted by the Commis¬ 
sioner with the accounts. 

6. Other regulations will be made, from time to time, should the public 
service demand them. 

B. F. BUTLER, 
Secretary of War, ad interim . 

War Department, November 11,1836. 


15 


REVISED REGULATIONS.—No. II. 

Concerning Superintendencies, Agencies , and Sab-agencies. 

(Adopted April 13, 1837.) 

ACTING SUPERINTENDENCY OF MICHIGAN. 

Boundaries. 

1. The acting superintendency of Michigan will include all the Indians 
in that State, and the tribe of Ottawas, at Maumee, in the State of Ohio; 
and will embrace the following agencies and sub-agencies : 

2. The agency of Michilimackinac, to include all the Indians on the 
peninsula of Michigan, frbm the mouth of the Thunder-bay river, round 
the shore of the lakes, to the Grand river of Lake Michigan; on the 
islands in Lakes Huron and Michigan, and Grand Traverse bay. 

3. The sub-agency of Saginaw , to include all the Indians on the 
peninsula of Michigan, not included in the agency of Michilimackinac. 

4. The sub-agency of Sault Ste. Marie , to include the Indians north of 
the agency of Michilimackinac, extending west to the eastern boundary 
of Wisconsin Territory. 

Sites. 

5. The acting superintendency of Michigan will be established in (he 
winter at Detroit, in the summer at Michilimackinac. 

6. The sub-agency of Saginaw will be at or near that place. 

7. The sub-agency for the Sault Ste. Marie will be at or near Fort 
Brady. 

Interpreters. 

8. For the acting superintendency at Detroit will be allowed one. 

9. For the agency at Michilimackinac, two. 

10. For the sub-agency at Saginaw, one. 

11. For the sub-agency of Fort Brady, one. 

SUPERINTENDENCY OF WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 

Boundaries. 

12. The superintendency of Wisconsin Territory will include all the 
Indians within the boundaries of that Territory, as defined by the act of 
Congress of April 20, 1836, entitled “ An act establishing the Territory 
of Wisconsin,” except the Sioux of the Upper Missouri, the Mandans, 
and the tribes and bands north of them on the same river; and embrace 
the following agencies and sub-agencies: 

13. The agency for the Sacs and Foxes, to include all the Indians of 
these tribes. 

14. The agency of St. Peter’s, to include the various families of the 
Sioux tribe upon the waters of the Mississippi and its tributary streams 
and upon those of Red river, except the Sioux of Wabisha’s band. 

15. The sub-agency of Prairie du Cliien, to include the Winnebago 
Indians in the Territory of Wisconsin, and the Sioux of Wabisha’s band. 

16. The sub-agency of Green Bay, to include the Menomonee Indians 
and the Indians who have emigrated from New York, in the Territory 
of Wisconsin. 

17. The sub-agency of Lapointe, to include the Chippewa Indians 
west of the eastern boundary of Wisconsin, and east of a line drawn 


16 


southeasterly from the southern extremity of the Lake of the Woods to 
the upper lake on Brute river; thence, in a direct line, to Lake Flam¬ 
beau ; thence, down the channel of the Chippewa river to its junction 
with the Mississippi. 

18. The sub-agency of the Crow-wing river, to include the Chippewas 

in the Territory of Wisconsin, residing west of the western boundary of 
Lapointe sub-agency. % 

Sites. 

19. The superintendency of the Territory of Wisconsin will, of course, 
be established at the seat of government of that Territory. 

20. The agency for the Sacs and Foxes will be at a point selected under 
the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

21. The agency for the St. Peter’s will be at or near Fort Snelling. 

22. The sub-agency for Green Bay will, for the present, be at that 
place. 

23. The sub-agency for Prairie du Cliien will be at that place. 

24. The sub-agency for Lapointe will be at that place. 

25. The sub-agency for the Crow-wing river will be at a point selected 
under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

Interpreters . 

26. For the superintendency of Wisconsin Territory, will be allowed 
one. 

27. For the agency of the Sacs and Foxes, one. 

28. For the agency of St. Peter’s, two. 

29. For the sub-agency for the Menomonees, one. 

30. For the sub-agency for the Winnebagoees, one. 

31. For the sub-agency at Lapointe, one. 

32., For the sub-agency of the Crow-wing river, one. 

SUFERINTENDENCY OF ST. LOUIS. 

Boundaries. 

33. The superintendency at St. Louis will include the tribes and bands 
excepted from the superintendency of Wisconsin in the preceding sec¬ 
tion, the Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawatomies, north, and all the 
other Indians south of the Missouri river, and north of the northern line 
of the Osage reservation, and will embrace the following agencies and 
sub-agencies: 

34. The agency of Fort Leavenworth, to include the Delawares, Kan¬ 
sas, Sliawnees, and Kickapoos. 

35. The agency of Council Bluffs, to include theOttoes and Missourias, 
Omahas and Pawnees. 

3G. The agency of the Upper Missouri, to include the Sioux of that 
river, the Chayennes, and Puncahs. 

37. The sub-agency of the Upper Missouri, to include the Mandans, 
Assinaboins, Black Feet Indians, Crows, Bickares, and Gros Ventres. 

38. The sub-agency of Council Bluffs, to include the united nation of 
the Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawatomies, north of the Missouri. 

39. The sub-agency of the great Nemahaw, to include the Iowas and 
Sacs of Missouri. 

40. The sub-agency of the Osage river, to include the PottaAvatomies, 
Ottawas, Peorias and Kaskaskias, Piankeshaws, and Weas. 


17 


Sites . 

41. The superintendency of St. Louis will, of course, be established 
at that place. 

42. The agency of Fort Leavenworth will, for the present, remain at 
the site of the northern agency of the Western Territory. 

43. The agency for Council Bluffs will be at that place. 

44. The agency for the upper Missouri will be at the site of the sub¬ 
agency for the Sioux of the Missouri. 

45. The sub-agency for the upper Missouri will be at the cite of the 
sub-agency for the Mandans. 

40. The sub-agencies for the Great Nemahaw and the Osage rivers will 
be at points selected under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs. 

47. The sub-agency at Council Bluffs will be at that place. 

Interpreters . 

48. For the superintendency of St. Louis, will be allowed one. 

„ 40. For the agency of Council Bluffs, three. 

50. For the agency of Fort Leavenworth, two. 

51. For the agency of the upper Missouri, two. 

52. For the sub-agency of the Great Nemahaw, two. 

53. For the sub-agency of the upper Missouri, one. 

54. For the sub-agency of Council Bluffs, one. 

55. For the sub-agency of the Osage river, one. 

ACTING SUPERINTENDENCY OF TIIE WESTERN TERRITORY. 

Boundaries . 

5G. The acting superin tendency provided for by the 30th section of 
the act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes will 
be denominated the acting superintendency of the Western Territory, 
and will include all the Indians south of the Missouri river, and the 
southern line of the St. Louis superintendency, and as far west as the 
Bocky mountains; and will embrace the following agencies and sub¬ 
agencies : 

57. The agency for the Choctaws, to include all the Indians of that 
tribe. 

58. The agency of the Creeks, to include all the Indians of that tribe, 
and the Seminoles. 

59. The agency of the Cherokees, to include all the Indians of that 
tribe west of the Mississippi river. 

GO. The sub-agency of the Osages, to include all the Indians of that 
tribe. 

Gl. The sub-agency of the Neosho, to include the Senecas, Senecas 
and Shawnees, and Quapaws. 

Sites. 

G2. The acting superintendency of the Western Territory will be estab¬ 
lished at the site of the agency for the Choctaws. 

G3. The agency for the Creeks and Cherokees, and the sub-agency for 
the Osages, will remain at their present positions. 

G4. The sub-agency for the Neosho will be at a point selected under 
the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

2 I B 


18 

Interpreters. 

G5. For the acting superin tendency of the Western Territory, will be 
allowed one. 

66. For the Choctaw agency, one. 

67. For the Cherokee agency, one. 

68. For the Creek agency, one. 

69. For the Osage sub-agency, one. 

70. For the sub-agency of the Neosho, one. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Boundaries. 

71. The agency of the Chickasaws, to include all the Indians of that 
tribe. 

72. The sub-agency in Ohio, to include all the Wyandotts of that State. 

73. The sub-agency in New York, to include the Seneca and other 
bands of Indians in that State. 

74. The superintendent of the emigration of the united nation of the 
Ottawas, Chippewas, and Pottawatomies, in the States of Illinois and * 
Michigan, will perform the duties of Indian agent for them. 

75. The superintendent of the emigration of the Pottawatomies of 
Indiana will perform the duties of Indian agent for them and for the 
Miamies. 

76. The superintendent of the emigration of the eastern Cherokees 
will perform the duties of Indian agent for them. 


Sites. 

77. The agency for the Chickasaws will be established at Pontotoc, in 
the State of Mississippi, until they have emigrated; afterwards at a 
point in their new country selected under the direction of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Indian Atfairs. 

78. The sub-agency in Ohio will be at Upper Sandusky. 

79. The sub-agency in New York will be at Buffalo. 

80. The acting agency for the Pottawatomies, and other tribes in 
Indiana, will be at Logan sport. 

81. The acting agency for the united nations of the Ottawas, Chippe¬ 
was, and Pottawatomies, in Illinois and Michigan, will be at Chicago. 

82. The acting agency for the eastern Cherokees will be at Calhoun, 
Tennessee. 


Interpreters. 

83. For the Chickasaw agency, will be allowed one. 

84. For the sub-agency in Ohio, one. 

85. For the sub-agency in New York, one. 

86. For the acting agents in Indiana, Illinois, and Tennessee, the duties 
of interpreters will be performed by the interpreters employed for the 
removal of the Indians. 

In some of the instances in which more than one interpreter is allowed 
specific compensations, at less than the maximum rate allowed by law, 
have been granted. These will be regulated by the Commissioner of 
Indian Affairs. 

87. The agent for the Chickasaws, until the removal of that tribe is 
completed, the sub-agents in Ohio and New York, and the acting agents 


19 


at Logansport, Chicago, and Calhoun, will report directly to the Com¬ 
missioner of Indian Affairs. The other agents and sub-agents will report 
through the superintendent within whose limits they are stationed. 

J. R. POINSETT, 

Secretary of War. 

War Department, April 13, 1837. 


REVISED REGULATIONS.—No. III. 

For carrying into effect the act of June 30,1834, organizing the Department 

of Indian Affairs. 

[Adopted June 1, 1837.] 

GENERAL DUTIES OF SUPERINTENDENTS. 

1. To carry into effect the instructions of the War Department, and 
superintend and control the intercourse between the several tribes, in 
conformity with the provisions of the intercourse act of 1834. 

2. To superintend and control the intercourse between the Indians and 
citizens of the United States, or strangers with passports. 

3. To superintend and control the conduct of the agents and sub¬ 
agents, to suspend them from office whenever sufficient reasons exist, 
and to communicate the reasons therefor to the War Department. 

4. To exercise a general supervision and control of the accounts of 
agents and sub-agents; to procure from them estimates of all the sums 
due to the tribes under their charge respectively, which they will embody 
in one general estimate, and transmit semi-annually to the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs. These estimates will show the amount under each 
head of appropriation. 

GENERAL DUTIES OF AGENTS AND SUB-AGENTS. 

5. To superintend and manage the intercourse of their respective 
tribes with other tribes, and with the citizens of the United States. 

6. To carry into effect the instructions of the War Department, or the 
superintendent of Indian affairs, and the regulations prescribed by the 
President. 

7. To reside and keep their agencies or sub-agencies within or near 
the tribes committed to their charge, at such points as the War Depart¬ 
ment shall designate, and not to depart from the limits of their agencies 
or sub-agencies without permission. 

8. Agents will give bonds in the sum of $2,000 ; sub-agents, of $1,000. 
One or more sufficient sureties will be given, and their sufficiency will be 
certified, whenever practicable, by the United States district judge, or 
district attorney; in other cases by the superintendent of Indian affairs, 
the military officers in command at the nearest post, or some other person 
known to the department. The oath of office will be taken before a 
judge or justice of the peace. 

PARTICULAR DUTIES PRESCRIBED IN DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THIS 

ACT. 

9. To nominate to the department suitable persons for teachers, black¬ 
smiths, farmers, mechanics, &c., for whose support provision is made by 



20 


treaties; and, in making the selection, to give a preference to persons 
of Indian descent when any properly qualified can be found. 

10. When these nominations are approved, and before the persons 
appointed enter upon their duties, the agent or sub-agent will bind them 
by contracts to the faithful performance of their duties, for the compen¬ 
sation fixed by law, or allowed by the department. These contracts will 
be filed with the military officer before any payments are made by him 
for services, and will be transmitted with his accounts. If the compen¬ 
sation be fixed by law, reference will be made in the contract to the act 
and section ; if by the department, to the letter making the allowance. 

11. Where the sites of the smiths’ shops, schools, or farms, are not 
designated in treaties, the agent or sub-agent will recommend suitable 
positions for the consideration of the department. 

12. The agent or sub-agent will prepare and transmit annual state¬ 
ments, exhibiting the manner in which the farmers, mechanics, and 
others, have been employed during the year; the quantity of agricul¬ 
tural implements, or other articles delivered to them, and by them to 
the Indians ; the number of farms or acres cultivated, the kind of culti¬ 
vation, and the amount and disposition of the produce ; the number of 
Indians instructed in agriculture or mechanical arts, distinguishing 
minors from adults. 

13. The agent or sub-agent will prepare and transmit to the superin¬ 
tendent a statement of the number of eacl^ tribe under his charge, dis¬ 
tinguishing those employed in the chase, agricultural, or mechanical pur¬ 
suits ; a map, showing the location of each band or tribe, the sites of 
the several public buildings; and he will designate the post office to 
which letters should be addressed. Whenever teachers are employed, 
they, also, will be required to furnish these statistical returns, and other 
statements illustrative of the physical aspect of the country, its mineral 
resources and water privileges, and other matters, a knowledge of which 
will be useful to the department and satisfactory to the people. These 
statistical exhibits will be consolidated by the superintendent, so as to 
present at one view the condition of the district and tribes assigned to 
him. 

14. The agent or sub-agent will annually prepare lists of all persons 
connected with the Indian department in his agency or sub-agency. 
These will show the names of these persons, distinguishing the natives, 
where any are employed ; the dates of their appointments; their com¬ 
pensations ; and the article of the treaties, or the section of the law, by 
virtue of which they were appointed. To these lists will be appended 
certificates that none of the persons have any interest or concern in the 
trade with the Indians, except for, and on account of, the United States. 

15. Furloughs can be granted by the superintendent, and, on appeal, 
may be obtained from the War Department; but in no case for a longer 
period than sixty days ; and if the absence, even with permission, exceed 
that period, the salary will not be paid during such absence. The super¬ 
intendents will make special reports of all furloughs granted by them, 
and the time for which the persons to whom they were granted were 
respectively absent, and the amount, if any, to be deducted from the sala¬ 
ries. In the cases in which agents perform the duties of acting super¬ 
intendents, applications for furloughs will be made by them to the War 
Department. 

16. Other duties of agents and sub-agents are prescribed in subse¬ 
quent paragraphs of these regulations. Additional ones will be pointed 
out in those concerning trade and intercourse. 

17. The agent or sub-agent will deliver to the smiths, millers, or farm¬ 
ers, the implements, iron, steel, coal, and other articles procured by the 


21 


military officer under treaty stipulations, appropriately coming under 
their charge, taking from them duplicate receipts. He will exercise a 
vigilant supervision over them, and see that their services, and all the 
articles furnished them, are applied for the exclusive benefit of the 
Indians. 

18. The agent or sub-agent will visit the schools in his agency or sub¬ 
agency at least once in each year, and make a careful inspection of the 
buildings, the accounts, the clothing, and food of the children, lie will 
prepare complete reports, exhibiting the results of this inspection, with 
the number of teachers and pupils, distinguishing males from females; 
the studies of each class, the general system of education, the capacity 
and progress of each.scholar; and such suggestions as occur to him for 
the improvement of these establishments. He will also report the con¬ 
dition of schools, if any, not supported in whole or in part by the United 
States, or from funds provided in Indian treaties. He will also pro¬ 
cure and transmit reports from the principals of all the schools, prepared 
in conformity with these regulations, and others heretofore issued. 
When buildings for schools are erected by societies, with the sanction of 
this department, and application is made for an allowance of part of their 
cost, the agent or sub-agent will inspect them and forward a description of 
them, with an expression of his opinion of the sum that, under all the 
circumstances of the case, should be paid to the society erecting them. 
He will keep himself acquainted with the character and conduct of the 
teachers, and all persons acting under them, and report any impropriety 
for the consideration of the department. 

19. All the accounts, reports, statements, exhibits, returns, and esti¬ 
mates required by these regulations, of superintendents, agents, sub¬ 
agents, or teachers, will be forwarded in season to reach the Department 
of War by the 1st day of October in each year. If they arrive later 
than this, they will be of little use in preparing the annual communica¬ 
tion required to be made to Congress; 'the department is charged with 
neglect, and the country is kept in ignorance. Disregard of these regu¬ 
lations will be considered just cause for censure, and, if persisted in, 
for removal from office. A failure on the part of teachers to transmit 
the statements required of them, will induce the withholding of the 
pecuniary allowances made for the societies and schools with which 
they are connected. 


DUTIES OF INTERPRETERS. 

20. Interpreters will be nominated to the War Department by the 
proper agents or sub-agents, and may be suspended by them from their 
pay and duties. 

21. Where an agency includes but one tribe, but one interpreter will 
be appointed. 

22. AVhere one agency includes different tribes, speaking different 
languages, and additional interpreters are considered necessary, the cir¬ 
cumstances will be reported for the determination of the Department 
of War. 

23. Interpreters will perform any service that may be required of 
them by the proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, and the latter 
will place them, whenever circumstances require it, under the direction 
of commissioners, or other special agents, acting under the authority ot 
the United States. 

24. Teachers, farmers, mechanics, and other persons employed by 
virtue of treaty stipulations, will be nominated by the proper agent or 
sub-agent, or appointed by the War Department. 


22 


25. They will be under the supervision and control of the proper agent 
or sub-agent, and comply with instructions they may receive from him, 
the superintendent of Indian affairs, or the War Department. 

MILITARY DISBURSING OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES. 

26. Three officers of the army having been assigned to duty in the 
Indian department, and stationed at Detroit, St. Louis, and Little Lock, 
respectively. Each of these will be styled the principal military dis¬ 
bursing officer of the district. The district of Detroit will include the 
acting superintendency of Michigan, the Indian tribes in New York, 
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, the Menomonees, the New York Indians near 
Green Bay, and the Chippewas of the Lapointe sub-agency. The district 
of St. Louis will include the Indian tribes in the superintendency of the 
same name, the Chippewas attached to the sub-agency of the Crow-wing- 
river, the Sioux, the Sacs and Foxes, the Winnebagoes, and the Osages; 
the latter for the investment of their annuities in goods only. The dis¬ 
trict of Little Lock will include the Indian tribes in the acting superin¬ 
tendency of the Western Territory, excepting the investment of the 
annuities for the Osages, in goods. 

27. As a general rule, all funds required for disbursement in their 
respective districts will be sent to these officers. Deviations from this 
rule may be made with the sanction of the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, as in the case of the employment' of commissioners or special 
agents, and of remote agencies and sub-agencies. Payments will be 
made by these officers, the assistant quartermasters, and assistant com¬ 
missaries of subsistence, at the different military posts, and by officers 
on duty in the Indian department in any other branch of its service, 
when thereto required by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Funds 
will be remitted, in the first instance, to the principal military disburs¬ 
ing officer of the district, and be by him turned over to the officer or 
agent designated to make the disbursements. The duties of military 
officers in the payment of annuities are prescribed with great particu¬ 
larity in these regulations. Other disbursements, for services rendered 
or purchases made, will generally be made by them, in the first case, on 
the requisition of the superintendent, agent, or sub-agent; and in the 
second, on the requisition of the person authorized to purchase. If an 
erroneous requisition be made, the amount will be credited to the dis¬ 
bursing officer, and the person drawing the requisition be held account¬ 
able for the amount, provided the sum does not exceed that placed in 
his hands for the purpose. The law requires that “all persons whatso¬ 
ever, charged with the disbursement or application of money, goods, or 
effects of any kind, for the benefit of the Indians, shall settle their 
accounts annually at the War Department on the 1st day of October, 
and copies of the same shall be laid before Congress, annually, at the 
commencement of the next session thereafter.” All persons, therefore, 
coming within the purview of this provision, will transmit their accounts 
in time to reach the War Department by the day named. 

28. The salaries of all persons employed in the Indian department are 
payable quarterly. 

29. The words “ actual traveling expenses,” and “traveling expenses,” 
used in the 10th and 13th sections of the law, are construed to embrace 
all necessary expenses while absent on the business, such as stage fare, 
steamboat fare, horse hire, ferriages, subsistence by the way, and such 
other reasonable charges as travelers are subject to, over and above 
what they would expend if stationary. 


23 


PAYMENT OF ANNUITIES. 

30. The 11th section of this act permits any tribe to appropriate their 
annuities to the purposes of education, or to any other specific use. 
But the exercise of this privilege is dependent on the discretion of the 
Executive, and no appropriation of any part of their annuities can be 
made by a tribe, under this section, without the express Sanction of the 
Department of War. 

31. This section also provides that all annuities or other sums stipu¬ 
lated to be paid to any Indian tribe shall be paid to the chiefs of such 
tribes, or to such persons as the tribe may designate. The person to 
whom payment is made under this provision must be of Indian descent, 
or a recognized member of the tribe; and no payments will be made of 
any portion of the annuities to any other person except claimants for 
depredations under the 17th section of the intercourse act of 1834. 

32. The preliminary arrangement for the payment of annuities or other 
sums will be made by the proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, 
and the payment will be made by the person designated by the Com¬ 
missioner of Indian Affairs. 

33. The military officer so assigned will notify the superintendent, 
agent, or sub-agent when the funds are received by him; and they will 
then, upon mutual consultation, determine the time and place at which 
the payment shall be made, fixing the latter in the Indian country, if 
possible, that the provisions of the intercourse law may be applied, if 
necessary. 

34. The proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent will convene the 
Indians at the time fixed upon. 

35. The provisions that will be necessary will be procured by the agent 
from the commissariat, when convenient, or upon contracts based upon 
proposals, made on notices previously given, of not less than ten days; 
the contract will be handed by him to the disbursing officer, who will 
forward it with his accounts. 

3G. The ration will consist of one pound of fresh beef, or three-fourths 
of a pound of salt meat, three-fourths of a quart of corn, or corn meal, 
or one pound of wheat Hour to each person, and of four quarts of salt 
for every one hundred persons. 

Provisions to be issued at the payment of annuities may be purchased. 

37. For the sub-agency in New York, to the amount of two hundred 
and fifty dollars. 

38. For the sub-agency in Ohio, to the amount of one hundred and 
fifty dollars. 

39. For the acting agency in Indiana, to the amount of six hundred 
dollars. 

40. For the acting agency in Illinois, to the amount of four hundred 
dollars. 

41. For the sub-agency of Saginaw, to the amount of two hundred 
dollars. 

42. For the agency of Michilimackinac, to the amount of three hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

43. For the sub-agency of Green Bay, to the amount of four hundred 
dollars. 

44. For the sub-agency of Prairie du Chien, to the amount of four hun¬ 
dred dollars. 


24 

45. For the agency of St. Peter’s, to the amount of four hundred dol¬ 
lars. 

46. For the agency of the Sacs and Foxes, to the amount of three hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

47. For the agency of the upper Missouri, to the amount of three 
hundred dollars. 

48. For the agency of Council Bluffs, to the amount of two hundred 
dollars. 

49. For the agency of Fort Leavenworth, to the amonnt of four hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

50. For the sub-agency of Council Bluffs, to the amount of one hun¬ 
dred and fifty dollars. 

51. For the sub-agency of the Great Nemeliaw, to the amount of two 
hundred dollars. 

52. For the sub-agency of the Osage river, to the amount of two hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

53. For the agency for the Choctaws, to the amount of six hundred 
dollars. 

54. For the agency for the Creeks, to the amount of six hundred dol¬ 
lars. 

55. For the agency for the western Cherokees, to the amount of three 
hundred dollars. 

5G. For the sub-agency for the Osages, to^the amount of one hundred 
and fifty dollars. 

57. For the sub-agency for the Neosho, to the amount of two hundred 
dollars. 

58. When provisions are drawn from the commissariats the ration 
will be estimated at ten cents, and the number of rations drawn will not 
exceed that which could be purchased at that rate with the sums allowed. 

59. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs will vary these allowances 
whenever the information received by him renders it proper. The 
department relies upon the various officers in reducing them to as low 
an amount as may be compatible with the public service. 

GO. The provisions will be issued under the directions of the superin¬ 
tendent, agent, or sub-agent, and proper abstracts of purchases and 
issues will be prepared by him, and forwarded with the account of the 
military officer. 

Gl. As a general rule, provisions will be issued for not exceeding three 
days; exceptions to this may be authorized by the Commissioner of 
Indian Affairs. 

62. When the Indians are assembled, the superintendent, agent, 
or sub-agent, will inquire of them to whom the payment shall be 
made; and he will make his requisition upon the military officer to 
make the payment in the manner a majority of the Indians present may 
designate. 

63. If the payment be made to the chiefs, duplicate receipts will be 
taken. These will be certified by the agent, military officer, and inter¬ 
preter, and one of them will be forwarded with the account. 

64. If the payment be made to heads of families, it will be done on 
pay-rolls, showing the name of each Indian, the number of persons in his 
family, and the amount due to him. Keceipts will be taken in this case, 
certified, and disposed of in the same manner as the receipts of the 
chiefs. 

65. If a claim for depredations has been paid during the year, or has 
been ordered to be paid, the superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, will 
give full explanations to the Indians; and, in the latter case, will, before 


25 

the annuity is paid to the Indians, make his requisition on the military 
officer to deduct the amount. 

66. Before the Indians are dismissed, the superintendent, agent, or sub¬ 
agent, will inquire if they wish their annuities to be paid in goods or 
money the next year. Their answer will be reduced to writing, certified 
by him, the military officer, and the interpreter, and transmitted to the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

PURCHASE OF* HOODS FOR INDIANS. 

67. The 12tli section of this act authorizes the payment of annuities 
in goods, at the request of any Indian tribe. 

68. The 13tli section prescribes the mode in which the goods, so 
required, and all merchandise stipulated in any treaty to be furnished 
the Indians shall be purchased. 

1 .—Purchase of goods with annuities . 

69. When a tribe are to receive their annuities in goods, the agent will 
prepare an invoice of the articles proper to be procured, and submit it 
to the Indians. If they desire any change to be made in it, and the desire 
is reasonable, he will comply with it. But he will be careful to keep 
within the quantity that can probably be procured with the annuities. 
This invoice will be certified by him, the military officer, and the inter¬ 
preter. One copy will be sent to the principal disbursing officer of the 
district, another to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Notices will be 
issued under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in no 
instance of less than ten days, and, when practicable, of sixty days. 
These notices will contain the articles enumerated in the invoices, and 
others, if it be necessary to increase the quantity, and invite proposals 
for contracts to deliver them at times and places to be designated by the 
Commissioner, upon such conditions and under such securities and 
restrictions as he may prescribe. 

. 70. Goods thus purchased will be delivered by the military officer to 
the Indians in the presence of the agent, and receipts taken, witnessed, 
and disposed of in the same manner as receipts taken for the annuities 
when paid in money. A majority of the Indians present will determine 
to whom the goods shall be delivered. 

2.— Merchandise required to he furnished by treaty stipulations . 

71. The word “merchandise” will be construed to include every article 
stipulated to be furnished to Indians after the ratification of a treaty. 
The superintendent will require the agent or sub-agent of the tribe to 
transmit to him a list showing the quantities, kind, and quality of each 
article, and indicating the place and time at which they should be deliv¬ 
ered. The superintendent will hand this to the principal military dis¬ 
bursing officers, and, after mutual consultation, the latter will invite pro¬ 
posals for contracts, to deliver them at the place and time indicated. 
Copies of the advertisements in this case, and all others for the Indian 
department, will be forwarded to the office of Indian affairs. The pro¬ 
ceedings of the agent or sub-agent will, of course, be subject to the 
revision of the superintendent. 

72. So much of the 13th section as relates to the purchase of mer¬ 
chandise required at the making of a treaty will be noticed under the 
head of negotiations with Indian tribes. 


26 


73. All contracts will be opened on a day fixed in the advertisements, 
and a preference given with reference to the price, quality, quantity, and 
security offered. 


NEGOTIATIONS WITH INDIAN TRIBES. 

Duties of the commissioners. 

74. To determine the time and place at which the Indians shall be 
convened in council, which, whenever practicable, will be in the Indian 
country, where the intercourse law can be enforced. 

75. To select the persons whose services may be necessary as commis¬ 
saries, interpreters, messengers and expresses, and in the baking and 
issuing department. 

76. To direct the manner in which the buildings for themselves and 
the council shall be built; the quantity of provisions that shall be pur¬ 
chased, and the mode in which they shall be purchased; and the amount 
of presents that shall be procured and delivered to the Indians. 

77. To prescribe rules, in conformity with the intercourse law for the 
conduct of the traders, and regulations for the government of the agent, 
interpreters, and all others in the execution of the duties hereinafter 
assigned to them. 

78. To superintend the disbursement of, and account for, the funds 
appropriated for the expenses of holding tjie treaty, and which will be 
procured under the direction of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. To 
certify the accounts of all persons employed by them. 

Duties of the secretary. 

70. Under the direction of the commissioners, to keep a full record of 
all the proceedings, from the commencement to the close of the negotia¬ 
tion ; of the speeches of the commissioners and Indians, and of all pro¬ 
positions for the treaty; showing by which party it was made, the rea¬ 
sons assigned for and against it, and its final disposition. 

80. To keep, in regular files, all claims presented by white persons 
or Indians, and the evidence connected with them, and to note upon 
each the action of the commissioner upon it. 

81. To keep, in regular files, all the accounts of the commissioner, 
and to prepare the usual abstracts, accounts current, and vouchers, for 
transmission to the office of Indian Affairs. 

Duties of the agent or sub-agent of the tribe. 

82. To convene the Indians at the time and place appointed by the 
commissioners. 

83. To superintend the erection of buildings. 

84. To procure the necessary presents and provisions. 

85. To superintend the issues of presents, provisions, and merchan¬ 
dise, and render to the commissioners abstracts of purchases and issues. 

86. To carry into effect, under the authority given them in the inter¬ 
course law, any instructions of the commissioners to enforce the rules 
prescribed by them for the conduct of the traders, and to maintain the 
regulations for the government of persons employed at the treaty. 

87. To perform any services properly required of them by the commis¬ 
sioners. 


27 


Duties of commissaries. 

88. To receive and keep safely the presents, provisions, and merchan¬ 
dise, and issue them under the superintendence of the agent or sub¬ 
agent. 

89. To employ and direct the persons required in the baking depart¬ 
ment to supply the public table, under the direction of the agent, sub¬ 
agent, or commissioners, and to render their accounts to the latter. 

PROVISIONS FOR INDIANS. 

90. In addition to the provisions authorized to be procured for Indians 
assembled to receive annuities, the 16th section of this act authorizes 
the President to cause such rations as he shall judge proper, and as can 
be spared from the army provisions without injury to the service, to be 
issued to the Indians who may visit the military posts or agencies of the 
United States on the frontiers, or in their respective nations; and pre¬ 
scribes that a special account of such issues shall be kept and rendered. 

91. The quantity of provisions authorized to be procured at the pay¬ 
ment of annuities is stated in paragraphs from 37 to 57. The quantity 
that may be procured under the 16th section of the act just quoted 
herein will be as follows: 

92. For the sub-agency in New York, to the amount of twenty-five 
dollars. 

93. For the sub-agency in Ohio, twenty-five dollars. 

91. For the acting superintendency in Michigan, to the amount of fifty 
dollars. 

95. For the sub-agency of Saginaw, to the amount of twenty-five 
dollars. 

96. For the acting agency to Indiana, to the amount of fifty dollars. 

97. For the agency of Miehilimackinac, to the amount of one hundred 
dollars. 

98. For the sub-agency of the Sault Ste. Marie, to the amount of fifty 
dollars. 

99. For the sub-agency of Prairie du Chien, to the amount of one 
hundred and fifty dollars. 

100. For the sub-agency of Green Bay, to the amount of fifty dollars. 

101. For the sub-agency of Lapointe, to the amount of two hundred 
dollars. 

102. For the sub-agency of Crow Wing river, to the amount of two 
hundred dollars. ' 

103. For the superintendency of Wisconsin, to the amount of two 
hundred dollars. 

104. For the agency for the Sacs and Foxes, to the amount of one 
hundred dollars. 

105. For the agency of St. Peter’s, to the amount of two hundred 
dollars. 

106. For the superintendency of St. Louis, to the amount of two hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

107. For the agency of Fort Leavenworth, to the amount of fifty 
dollars. 

108. For the agency of Council Bluffs, to the amount of one hundred 
dollars. 

109. For the agency of the upper Missouri, to the amount of four 
hundred dollars. 


28 

110. For tlie sub-agency of the upper Missouri, to the amount of six 
hundred dollars. 

111. For the sub-agency of the Great Nemaha river, to the amount 
of fifty dollars. 

112. For the sub-agency of the Osage river, to the amount of one hun¬ 
dred dollars. 

113. For the acting superintendency of the Western Territory, its 
agencies and sub-agencies, to the amount of six hundred dollars. 

114. If provisions are drawn from the commissariats, the ration will be 
valued at ten cents, and no greater number of rations will be drawn 
than could be purchased, at that rate, with the sums allowed. 

115. As these allowances, together with those for the payment of 
annuities, trench very closely on the appropriation, they will in no 
event be exceeded without the express sanction of the War Department. 
This rule must not be disregarded from any considerations of expedi¬ 
ency. 

11G. The visits of Indians to the superintendencies, agencies, and sub¬ 
agencies, except on actual business, will be at all times discouraged. 

117. Where tribes enjoy liberal benefits by virtue of treaty stipula¬ 
tions, especially where they have agricultural implements, and assist¬ 
ance, and stock, they must be induced to provide for themselves, and 
not to expect aid from the government from this appropriation. 

118. Regular abstracts for receipts and issue of provisions will be 
kept by the person procuring and delivering them, and handed to the 
military disbursing officer, to be forwarded with the accounts. 

PRESENTS TO INDIANS. 

119. The fifteenth section of this act restricts the distribution of 
presents to the friendly tribes west of the Mississippi river, and north 
of the boundary of the Western Territory, and the region upon Lake 
Superior, and the head of the Mississippi. The northern boundary 
of the Western Territory was described in a bill providing for the 
organization of such a Territory, which was submitted to Congress 
simultaneously with this act, and the act regulating trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, in 1834, but which did not become a 
law. As therein described, it was the south banks of the Missouri and 
Platte rivers. The tribes south of that line cannot, of course, receive 
presents. 

120. The agents of the tribes to whom presents are to be given, will 
transmit to the superintendent annual statements, showing the domes¬ 
tic animals and implements of husbandry, and goods suitable for the 
Indians; and these will be purchased in the manner merchandise fur¬ 
nished under treaty stipulations is hereinbefore directed to be procured. 

PROPERTY. 

121. There will be property returns under two separate heads, one to 
embrace all articles procured for delivery to the Indians under treaty 
stipulations, and one to embrace all other descriptions of property in 
the keeping of superintendents, agents, and sub-agents. 

122. The returns under the first head to be prepared and forwarded 
quarterly, showing the date, from whom purchased, or by whom trans¬ 
ferred; a detailed list of the articles, with their quantity, arranged 
under appropriate heads, embracing all articles intended for distribu¬ 
tion among the Indians. 


29 


123. The returns under the second head to be prepared immediately, 
and hereafter to be prepared and forwarded annually. These will exhibit, 
under appropriate heads, a brief description of agency houses, and other 
buildings, occupied by the agents or other persons in the public employ¬ 
ment, when authorized by law, or sanctioned by the department, with 
their furniture, &c., cost, or present value, and locations, Indian school- 
houses, farms, farming utensils and stock, blacksmiths’ and other mechanic 
shops, &c. 


ACCOUNTS AND ACCOUNTABILITY. 

124. To insure a more perfect and uniform accountability in the dis¬ 
bursement of money appropriated for the Indian department, and to 
indicate a plan for keeping, stating, and rendering accounts for settle¬ 
ment, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs will prepare and annex to these 
regulations such forms as he may think necessary. 


OFFICIAL LETTERS. 


125. The superintendents, principal disbursing agents, and such agents 
and sub-agents as correspond directly with the War Department, will 
furnish, monthly, a statement showing the date, contents, &c., of each 
letter received from the department, together with the date and a brief 
of the answer. 

120. All communications on Indian affairs must be directed to the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 


War Department, June 1, 1837. 


J. E. POINSETT, 

Secretary of War. 


LIST OF FOEMS 

REFERRED to in the preceding regulations, 

To be used in preparing and rendering accounts for disbursements, and 
other statements required of the agents. 


1. Voucher. 

2. Abstract for disbursements for current expenses. 

3. Abstract for disbursements for treaty stipulations. 

4. Account current. 

5. Eeceipt roll for paying Indian annuities to heads of families. 

0. Abstract of articles purchased for Indians. 

7. Abstract of articles delivered to Indians. 

8. Eeturn of property received and issued to Indians. 

9. Eeturn of property in charge of agents. 

10. General annual abstract of disbursements. 

11. Statement of persons employed. 

12. Monthly statements of letters received. 

These forms are given merely as examples, and are applicable to special 
cases only. The other returns, statements, &c., required by these regu¬ 
lations, may be made in the forms analogous to these. 

’ C. A. HAEEIS, 

Commissioner Indian Affairs. 
Office Indians Affairs, June 1,1837. 




























ABSTRACT FOR DISBURSEMENTS FOR CURRENT EXPENSES. 



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Approved: _—_, Pr. Mil. Disbursing Officer, superintending. 

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ABSTRACT FOR DISBURSEMENTS FOR TREATY STIPULATIONS. 


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ABSTRACT OF ARTICLES PURCHASED FOR INDIANS. 


35 



Note.— The abstract to show the date, of whom purchased, and amount. The several articles, with their quantity, to be placed under appropriate heads. 



















































ABSTRACT OF ARTICLES DELIVERED TO INDIANS 


36 



quantity delivered or transferred, to be placed under appropriate heads. 





































RETURN OF PROPERTY RECEIVED AND ISSUED TO INDIANS. 

Return of property received and issued by _ within the _ agency, in the quarter 

ending _, 18 


37 




f 

Articles. 

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From whom received. 

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To whom issued. 


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Dates. 


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V 


I certify, on honor, that the above return is correct, and embraces all the articles of property received and issued by me in the quarter ending_. 

Note.—R eturns of property to be rendered quarterly, showing by whom received, and when, enumerating the articles, with their quantity, under appropriate heads; also when 
distributed or delivered, and to whom. The return to embrace any description of property in charge for public use. 


























































RETURN OF PROPERTY IN CHARGE OF AGENTS. 


38 


s 

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Note. —An immediate return of property in charge of Indian agents is required to embrace all kinds of buildings, as agency houses, Indian mills, school-houses, shops, &c., subject 
to repairs at public cost; also of farms, farming utensils, stock, &c., for which the government is responsible ; to be afterwards furnished annually. Under the head of remarks state the 
condition, Sc c., of the property. 








































GENERAL ABSTRACT OF DISBURSEMENTS. 























































































42 


REVISED REGULATIONS.—No. IV. 

Concerning trade and intercourse with Indian tribes. 

I. LICENSE TO TRADE WITH THE INDIANS. 

1. Applications for licenses to trade with the Indians will be made to 
either the superintendent of Indian affairs, the Indian agent, or sub¬ 
agent. 

2. No license to trade with the tribes east of the Mississippi will be 
granted for a term exceeding two years, nor with the tribes west of that 
river for a term exceeding three years. 

3. Suitable and convenient places, at which the trade shall be carried 
on, will be designated by the person granting the license, and inserted 
in it. 

4. No license will be granted to a person of bad character, or to one 
whom it w r ould be improper to permit to reside in the Indian country, or 
to one whose prior license had been revoked. 

5. Applicants for licenses will give bond in a penal sum not exceeding 
$5,000, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the person granting it, 
and conditioned that the applicant will faithfully observe the laws and 
regulations made for the government of trade and intercourse with the 
Indian tribes, and in no respect to violate the same. 

6. Any license may be revoked whenever*, in the opinion of the per¬ 
son granting it, the laws or regulations have been transgressed by the 
person holding it, or it would be improper to permit him to remain in 
the Indian country. 

7. No license will be granted to trade, nor will any trade be permitted 
with any tribe, intercourse with whom shall have been prohibited by 
the President. 

8. No license to trade w T ill be granted to any persons except citizens 
of the United States. 

9. A license to trade will not authorize the introduction or sale of 
any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, except such sup¬ 
plies as shall be necessary for the. officers of the United States and 
troops of the service, nor the setting up or continuing of a distillery 
therein. 

10. The right of appeal to the War Department will be reserved to 
any person whose application for a license has been refused, or whose 
license has been revoked. 

11. Persons granting, refusing, or revoking licenses, will report their 
proceedings forthwith to the War Department for approval or disap¬ 
proval. 

12. These reports w r ill exhibit the dates of the license, the names of 
the persons to whom issued, and of their sureties, the terms of each, 
the amount of the bonds, and of the capital employed, and the district 
of country for which granted. They will be accompanied by a certifi¬ 
cate that the persons to whom the licenses have been issued are citizens 
of the United States; and they will show the applications for licenses 
that have been refused, and the licenses revoked, with the reasons for 
refusing or revoking. They will also show the number of foreign boat¬ 
men and interpreters employed under the special provision of the 5th 
section of this act. 

13. All merchandise offered for sale to the Indians, or found in the 
possession of a white person in the Indian country without a license, 
will be forfeited, and they will be secured by the proper superintendent, 


43 


agent, or sub-agent, by whom legal proceedings to recover the penalty 
imposed in the 4th section will be instituted and prosecuted in the man¬ 
ner prescribed in the 28tli section of this act. 

II. PASSPORTS TO FOREIGNERS. 

14. Passports will be granted by either the War Department, the 
superintendent, agent, sub-agent, or officer in command at the nearest 
military post. 

15. They will express the objects of the persons to whom granted, the 
time they will be allowed to remain, and the routes they are to travel. 

10. Foreigners found in the Indian country, without passports, or 
remaining therein, intentionally, after the expiration of their passports, 
will be removed by the proper superintendent, agent, or officer, who 
wdl call to his aid military force when necessary, and institute legal pro¬ 
ceedings to recover the penalty imposed in the Gth section in the man¬ 
ner prescribed in the 27th section. 

III. INTERCOURSE WITH THE INDIANS. 

17. No barter or trade with, or receiving as a pledge from, Indians 
for or of a gun, trap, or other articles commonly used in hunting, any 
instrument of farming, cooking utensil, or article of clothing, except 
skins and furs, will be permitted. 

18. No person will be permitted, without the consent of the Indians, 
to drive or otherwise convey any stock of horses, mules, or cattle, to 
range or feed on any lands belonging to Indians. 

19. No person will be permitted to settle on any lands belonging, 
secured, or granted to Indians; to attempt the survey of such lands or 
designate any of the boundaries thereof, by marking trees or otherwise. 

20. No person, not acting under the authority of the United States, 
or as the agent of a State to the extent pointed out in the proviso to 
the 12tli section of this act, will be permitted to hold any treaty with 
Indians for the purchase, grant, lease, or other conveyance of lands, or 
of any title or claim thereto. 

21. No citizen, or other person, residing in the United States, will be 
permitted to hold any communication with Indians, for himself or for 
others, with an intent to disturb the execution of any treaty or measure 
proposed by the government, the peace of the United States, or to 
injure its interests. 

22. The proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent will remove per¬ 
sons violating either of the preceding regulations, in the manner pre¬ 
scribed in the 23d section; and institute legal proceedings to recover 
the penalties imposed in the 7tli, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14tli 
sections, in the manner prescribed in the 27th section of this act, and 
make full reports of all cases of violations to the War Department. 

IV. INJURIES OF WHITES TO THE PROPERTY OR PERSONS OF INDIANS. 

• 

23. To bring the crime, offense, or misdemeanor, within the purview 
of the law, it must be committed in the Indian country, and on the 
property or person of a friendly Indian. 

24. Whenever the right of property is involved, the burden of proof 
shall rest with the white person whenever the Indian shall make out a 
presumption of title in himself. 

25. Legal proceedings will be instituted in the manner pointed out 
in the 27th section. 


44 


26. Upon conviction being liad for an injury to property, tbe party 
offending shall pay to the Indian owner twice the value ot the property 
taken, injured, or destroyed; if he is unable, the United States shall pay 
to the Indian the full value; and the same amount if the offender cannot 
be apprehended and tried. 

27. Upon conviction being had for an injury to the person of an 
Indian, the offender shall be sentenced according to the laws of the 
United States, which, by the 25th section, are extended to the Indian 
country. 

28. The United States will not remunerate the Indian in the manner 
above indicated, if he or any of the nation to which he belongs shall 
have sought private revenge, or attempted to obtain satisfaction by 
force or violence; nor shall the offender, in that event, be liable to the 
provisions of the 25th section. 

V. DEPREDATIONS OF INDIANS ON THE PROPERTY OF WHITE PERSONS. 

29. It must be shown either that the property has been taken by 
force or with intent to steal, or that it has been maliciously destroyed, 
and that the person to whom it belonged was lawfully within the Indian 
country; that is, with a license to trade, a passport, or the permission 
of the proper Indian authorities. 

30. Application for remuneration must be made by the owner, his 
representative, attorney, or agent, to the proffer superintendent, agent, 
or sub-agent, within three years after the commission of the injury. 

31. The necessary documents and proofs must accompany the appli¬ 
cation. 

32. Oaths may be administered and depositions taken by the proper 
superintendent, agent, or sub-agent. Whenever the Indian can make 
out a presumption of title in himself, from the fact of previous posses¬ 
sion or ownership, the burden of proof will rest on the white person. 

33. The application, documents, and proof must then be transmitted 
by the superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, to the War Department, for 
the direction of the President. 

34. Whenever directed by him, a demand will be made by the super¬ 
intendent, agent, or sub-agent, upon the nation or tribe to which the 
Indian or Indians committing the injury belonged for satisfaction. 

35. From the making of such demand of satisfaction the u reasonable 
time,” not exceeding twelve months, will be computed. 

36. If within that time the Indian nation or tribe shall refuse or 
neglect to make satisfaction, the superintendent, agent, or sub-agent 
will make return of his doings to the War Department, accompanied 
by the papers connected with the case, that such further steps may be 
taken as shall be proper, in the opinion of the President, to obtain satis¬ 
faction for the injury. 

37. Every person making application to the agent for indemnification 
for injuries committed by Indians upon his property, will be required 
to make affidavit that neither himself, his representative, attorney, nor 
agent, has violated the provisions of this law by seeking or attempting to 
obtain private satisfaction or revenge. Evidence of such u seeking or 
attempting,” if communicated to the superintendent, agent, or sub¬ 
agent, will make a part of the return of his doings hereinbefore required. 

38. When, by the direction of the President, claims for indemnifica¬ 
tion, presented and acted upon in the manner herein prescribed, are 
paid out of tbe annuities of the Indian nation or tribe, triplicate 
receipts will be taken from the person receiving such payment express- 


45 


ing tlie nature and circumstances thereof. One of these receipts will 
be kept by the superintendent, agent, or sub-agent; one delivered to the 
proper authorities of the tribe, one transmitted to the War Department 
as a voucher belonging to the abstract of the payment of the annuities. 

VI. INTRODUCTION, SALE, OR MANUFACTURE OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS 

OR WINE. 

39. The sale, exchange, gift, barter, or other disposition of spirituous 
liquor or wine must be to an Indian, and in the Indian country, to bring 
it within the purview of the law. 

40. The suspicion that a person is about to introduce, or has intro¬ 
duced, spirituous liquors or wine, must be a reasonable suspicion. 

41. The search for spirituous liquors or wine will be made by the 
superintendent, agent, sub-agent, or military officer, who will seize 
them when found, and proceed against them, by libel in the proper 
court, or destroy them. 

42. Military force may be employed to apprehend persons violating 
these regulations, and to make the search above prescribed$ but no 
person so apprehended shall be detained longer than five days, and he 
shall be treated with all the humanity circumstances will permit. 

43. The proper superintendent, agent, 'or sub-agent will forthwith 
destroy and break up any distillery for manufacturing ardent spirit 
within his district, and, if necessary, he will apply for military aid. 
Legal proceedings to recover the penalty prescribed in the 20th and 
21st sections will be instituted by him in the manner pointed out in the 
27th section of this act. 

44. The persons making seizures will report to the War Department 
every case, stating the kinds, quantities, and values of the liquors or 
wines seized, the dates of the seizures, the persons by whom and from 
whom taken, the places of deposit, the legal proceedings in relation to 
them, the expense thereof, the decision of the court, and the ultimate 
disposition of the articles. 

45. The military officer commanding the district, or the nearest mili¬ 
tary post, will comply with the requisitions of the superintendent, 
agent, or sub-agent, for aid to enable them to carry into effect these 
regulations, in the cases indicated herein, and in the 23d section of the 
act to regulate trade and intercourse, of June 30, 1834. 

J. R. POINSETT, 

Secretary of War. 

War Department, June 18,1837. 


REVISED REGULATIONS.—No. V. 

Concerning the emigration of Indians. 

The removal and subsistence of Indians have been committed to the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the following regulations for con¬ 
ducting that service, and for the accountability therein, are adopted, by 
which all officers and agents will be governed, and to which they will 
strictly conform: 

OFFICERS AND AGENTS. 

1. The officers and agents who will be employed in the removal and 
subsistence of Indians, according to the requirements of the particular 



46 


service, are as follows: 1. Superintendents. 2. Assistant superintend¬ 
ents. 3. Enrolling agents. 4. Conductors. 5. Assistant conductors. 

6. Interpreters. 7. Physicians. 

2. The superintendent will superintend the removal of each tribe, or 
of the Indians within certain specified limits. To him will be committed 
the general operations, comprehending the duties and conduct of the 
various persons employed, the preparatory arrangements, the enroll- 
ment and collection of the Indians, the route, the mode of traveling, 
their movement and subsistence, and generally everything connected 
with this object. 

3. All persons appointed by the government to aid in the business of 
removal will report to and receive the instructions of the superintend¬ 
ent, and with the exception of disbursing agents, may be suspended by 
him from employment, for causes appearing to him to be just; but the 
same shall be immediately reported to the War Department for its con¬ 
sideration and decision. 

4. Each superintendent shall, immediately upon entering upon his 
duties, or whenever thereafter it may become necessary to employ 
assistants, submit to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs the names of 
the persons proposed to be employed, the nature of the duties to be 
assigned to them, and the amount of compensation proposed to be given. 
No person shall be employed, except temporarily and from necessity, 
without the previous sanction of the department. Appointments of 
this nature will sometimes be made by this department, of which due 
notice will be given. 

5. The superintendents will communicate to the Commissioner of 
Indian Affairs every occurrence the knowledge of which can be useful; 
they will make weekly reports of their progress and operations; they 
will certify the quarterly abstracts of the disbursing officers; they will, 
at least once a quarter, transmit a statement of the names, stations, 
employment, and compensation, of the various persons in service, and 
the business they have performed during the preceding quarter; they 
will, from time to time, furnish the disbursing officers with such inform¬ 
ation as may enable the latter to prepare and forward the requisite esti¬ 
mates ; they will make requisitions upon the disbursing officers for pay¬ 
ments for services and supplies, and will be held accountable for errors 
and inaccuracies therein, except those of calculation. 

6. The assistant superintendents will aid the superintendent in the 
discharge of his duties, and carry into effect such instructions as may 
be given by him in relation to emigration. 

7. Enrolling agents will, under the supervision and direction of the 
superintendent, enroll the Indians for emigration. 

8. Conductors will take charge of emigrating parties on the route, 
and will have the entire control of their respective parties, and may 
direct as to the marching and halting and periods of rest; the time 
and places of issuing provision; the transportation of the sick and 
feeble, and of the baggage; and they will see that the parties are kept 
together, so that no stragglers shall be left; and that subsistence is 
distributed so that each individual shall be supplied, and that the com¬ 
fort of the Indians is properly attended to, in conformity with these 
regulations or special instructions from the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, or from the superintendent. He will keep a journal in which 
will be entered a daily memorandum of the number of miles traveled; 
of the impediments, if any, which prevented a more rapid progress; of 
the time of marching and encamping, if by land ; of the nature of the 
subsistence and mode of obtaining it, and of every other occurrence 


47 


may enable the government to form a judgment of the mode in 
h the business has been done; which journal he will forward to 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

Assistant conductors will be under the directions of the conductor 
while on the route, and will aid him in the discharge of his duties, 

id obey such directions as he may give in relation thereto. 

10. Interpreters will be the medium of communication between the 
officers and agents of the government and the Indians; they will be 
subject to the direction of the superintendent, and when accompany- 
ing migrating parties, will be under the direction of the conductor. 

i 1. Physicians will be charged with all things relating to the medical 
scr\ ice in emigration, and will be divided into two classes, viz: direct¬ 
ing physicians and attending physicians.. Directing physicians will 
ha\ c the general supervision and direction of the medical department 
ot i tribe, will be charged with supplying medicines under the supervi¬ 
sion of the superintendent, and will superintend the service of the 
attending physicians. Attending physicians will accompany parties, 
and perform all services in the line of their profession which may be 
required. The directing physician will, where it may be necessary, per¬ 
form the duties of attending physicians. 

12. The officers of the quartermaster and commissary’s department 
will, at their several stations, perform such occasional service in receiv- 
iii and forwarding provisions, goods, and other property, providing 
transportation for the same, and in disbursing money as may become 
in vssary in the prosecution of the business of emigration of Indians, 
and which the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may require them to 
perform. 

COMPENSATION. 

1 The following will be the compensation of the different officers 
and agents employed in the removal and subsistence of Indians, and 
will be in full of all expenses and services whatever: 

A superintendent, two thousand dollars per annum. 

Assistant superintendent, four dollars per day. 

Enrolling agent, four dollars per day. 

Conductor, when not an officer of the army, five dollars per day. 

Assistant conductor, three dollars per day. 

Interpreter, two dollars and fifty cents per day. 

Directing physician, six dollars per day. 

Attending physician, five dollars per day. 

14. Persons employed in collecting Indians, taking charge of teams 
and other duties of a similar nature, will not be allowed more than two 
dollars and fifty cents per day, to include their expenses ; and laborers 
will be employed agreeably to the custom of the place, where their ser¬ 
vices are wanted. 

lb. No horses will be purchased or supplied by the United States for 
the use of those who are engaged in this business, but the compensation 
allowed them will be in full for all services and expenses of every 
nature and description; excepting while such persons accompany a 
detachment of Indians, their actual transportation and subsistence 
will be paid; and ten cents per mile, computing by the nearest route, 
will be allowed for their return. But this article will not extend to ex¬ 
presses. 

16. It is to be distinctly understood that persons engaged in this duty 
will travel from place to" place, wherever required, finding their own 


48 


horses, and bearing all tlieir expenses, with the single exception stated 
in the preceding article, when they are ordered to accompany a detach¬ 
ment of Indians west of the Mississippi. 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

17. All the disbursements required for the various objects connected 
with the removal of Indians will be made by officers of the army, who 
will be assigned to that duty, and who will, from time to time, be fur¬ 
nished with funds for that purpose. 

18. These officers will carry into effect the instructions of the Com¬ 
missioner of Indian Affairs, and of the superintendents, so far as the 
same are in conformity with the general authority given by these regu¬ 
lations, or by special direction from the War Department. 

19. Payments for all services as well as supplies will be made by 
these disbursing officers, upon the requisition of the superintendents, 
or in pursuance of authority from them, or from this department; and. 
duplicate vouchers will, in all cases, be taken, expressing fully the 
nature of such service and supplies, and whatever may be necessary to 
enable the accounting officers to judge of the propriety and reasonable¬ 
ness of the charge. 

20. Disbursing officers may be assigned by the superintendent, or the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs; to act also as conductors of emigrating 
parties. 

21. The disbursing officers will transmit estimates whenever funds are 
required, showing in detail the application it is intended to make of such 
funds, together with a statement of the amount, if any, on hand, and 
the payments for which such amount is required; and funds will be fur¬ 
nished, either by remission from the treasury or by drafts upon the War 
Department, as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may judge best. 
But no drafts shall be drawn by any officer upon the government, unless 
previous authority for that purpose has been given. 

22. All accounts and vouchers will be transmitted to the Commis¬ 
sioner of Indian Affairs immediately after the close of each quarter; 
and abstracts of expenditures showing the application of the funds will 
be transmitted at the end of every month. 

% TRANSPORTATION. 

23. The route and mode for transportation will be determined by the 
superintendent, having a just regard to economy and the health and 
comfort of the Indians. 

24. When persons or families agree to transport themselves, and are 
considered capable of doing so, they will be allowed a just commutation 
therefor, which will be fixed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs on 
an examination of the probable expense. Whenever, in pursuance of 
treaty stipulations or by permission of the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, families or parties of Indians shall undertake to remove them¬ 
selves, a roll of each of such parties or families shall be made out by 
the superintendent having charge of such removal in the usual form, 
and stating in the caption thereof the terms on which such party 
removes, and the amount which they have received, or will be entitled to 
receive$ a copy of which shall be immediately forwarded to the disburs¬ 
ing officer west, and a duplicate also forwarded to this department; and 
no claims for, or on account of, such removal will be allowed, unless sup¬ 
ported by such rolls, as well as the other usual vouchers. 


49 


25. The amount necessary to be advanced to such persons previous 
to tlieir departure will be determined by the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs, and will be paid when they are upon the point of commencing 
their journey under such regulations as he may prescribe. 

26. No persons except those who are too young, or tod infirm to travel 
on foot, will be transported in wagons or upon horses. 

27. The amount of baggage will not exceed fifteen hundred pounds 
for every fifty persons, unless specially permitted by the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs ; nor will any wooden furniture or heavy utensils be 
carried. The baggage must principally consist' of necessary clothing, 
bedding, &c., light cooking utensils, and a few tools for agricultural 
and mechanical purposes; and no superintendent or other agent will, 
without permission from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, receive 
any other baggage than as herein specified, to be transported by the 
United States, and for which they are to be responsible. 

28. The baggage of each detachment will be weighed, and a certificate 
thereof, signed by some respectable person employed, will be transmitted 
with the accounts. The quantity to be carried in each wagon must, of 
course, depend upon the judgment of the conductor of the party, who will 
likewise point out the persons whose circumstances require they should 
ride. (See Form No. 17.) 

29. Where the route is by water a contract will be made, if the same 
can be done upon reasonable terms, for the transportation of each indi¬ 
vidual from the place of departure to the place of destination, or for as 
much thereof as can be effected. If this cannot be done, it will then 
be proper to charter a boat for the voyage, at a fixed rate. And, lastly, 
should either of the other modes be found unreasonable or impracticable, 
then a contract may be made for the hire of a boat by day. But this 
is considered the least economical plan, and therefore not to be resorted 
to till the others fail. 

30. Wagons will be hired at a fixed rate, by the hundred, if convenient, 
and if not, by the job; and where neither of these can conveniently be 
done, then by the day, with a previous understanding as to the weight 
and persons to be carried and the daily distance to be traveled. Where 
forage can be found by the owners, the contracts will be so made$ but 
where it cannot be, it will be supplied by the United States. The 
United States will not be responsible for any accjdents. 

31. Forage for the teams will be purchased in the manner prescribed 
for other supplies, and will be issued upon returns, in the mode pointed 
out for provisions. The quantity will be eight pounds of hay or fodder, 
and eight quarts of corn, or twelve quarts of oats, for each animal per 
day. 

32. Every detachment, previous to their departure, will be mustered, 
and muster-rolls, exhibiting the names of the heads of families, and the 
numbers and ages of the persons composing the same, distinguishing 
their sexes, and naming also those individuals not members of any fam¬ 
ilies, will be made out and certified by the. superintendent, upon his 
personal examination ; one of which shall be forwarded to the Commis¬ 
sioner of Indian Affairs, and another shall be delivered to the conductor 
of the party. On the arrival of the party west, at their place of desti¬ 
nation, a remuster shall be made by the agent receiving the party, and 
the changes in the detachments shall be accounted for in a column of 
remarks, and the number of the party, by personal examination on such 
muster, certified by the agent so receiving; a copy of which shall be 
forwarded to the office of Indian Affairs. (See Form No. 18.) 


4 I B 


50 


SUPPLIES. 

33. It is desirable that all the important supplies should be procured 
by contracts upon previous public notice inviting proposals, and this 
rule will be adhered to where there are not strong reasons to the con¬ 
trary ; and where there are, they will be reported to the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs. 

34. All contracts not immediately executed and completed, and exceed¬ 
ing fifty dollars in valu,e, will be in writing, and duplicates thereof will 
accompany the vouchers. Adequate security for the faithful performance 
of all contracts exceeding three hundred dollars in value will be required. 

35. Previous to the departure of any party of emigrants, the agent 
having superintendence of the emigration will give seasonable notice to 
the disbursing officers west of the Mississippi, whose duty it is to pro¬ 
vide for the reception and subsistence of such emigrants west, in order 
that proper measures may be there taken for the subsistence and trans¬ 
portation of such party; such notice will state the probable number of 
the party, the time of its departure, the probable time of its arrival 
on the Mississippi and at other points of destination, and the route 
which it will pursue. Strict attention to this duty will prevent much 
suffering, inconvenience, and expense, as the necessary consequence of 
throwing on the hands of the agents west large bodies of emigrants to 
be provided for, without notice, and from the limited supplies of that part 
of the country. The conductor of each party will also, from time to time, 
report to the proper disbursing agent west his progress on the route, 
and communicate all information which may be useful. 

36. A principal disbursing agent will be located at Little Rock, 
Arkansas, and also at St. Louis, Missouri, who will perform west of the 
Mississippi all the duties necessary to the removal and subsistence of 
the Indians in their respective limits. They will be assisted in the 
service by disbursing agents, who will be designated for that purpose, 
and will receive and execute instructions from the proper principal 
disbursing agent, and from the office of Indian Affairs. 

37. Special instructions will be given by the Commissioner of Indian 
Affairs respecting the provisions required for the subsistence of the 
Indians after their arrival in the country west of the Mississippi. These 
will, in all cases, be procured upon contract, to be based upon proposals 
previously issued. 

38. Blankets and other articles required by treaty stipulations to be 
delivered to Indians, and which can be better procured in the principal 
commercial cities than in the interior, will be purchased by the Com¬ 
missioner of Indian Affairs and forwarded for delivery to "the proper 
agent. Rone but the Mackinac blankets, so called, will be procured for 
Indians. These are much better suited to their wants and tastes than 
any others. Three and a half points must weigh ten pounds per pair; 
three points, eight pounds per pair ; and two and a half points, six and 
a fourth pounds per pair.* One-lialf of any quantity should be three 
and a half points, one-quarter three points, and one-quarter two and a 
half points. Certificates of delivery, witnessed by two credible persons, 
will in all cases be required. 


PROVISIONS. 

39. The ration will consist of one pound of fresh beef or fresh pork, 
or of three fourths of a pound of salt pork, and of three-fourths of a 
quart of corn or of corn meal, or of one pound of wheat Hour, to each 
person, and of four quarts of salt for every one hundred persons. 


51 


40. Provisions will be issued in steamboats as frequently as conve¬ 
nient, to prevent their being improvidently used; and by land they will 
be issued once a week or oftener, depending upon the situation of the 
party, and upon the facility of reaching points where provisions may 
be deposited or purchased. On land routes it will be proper to have- 
depots of provisions at reasonable distances, unless where such routes 
are through the settled country, affording at all times and a reasonable 
prices adequate supplies. 

41. These provisions will be procured either by contract, as already 
provided, or by purchase in open market. Except in a country where 
supplies are abundant, and while traveling, the former mode is preferable. 

42. It is recommended that contracts be previously made for issuing 
such quantities of provisions as may be wanted, at proper places, during 
the collection of the Indians, and at suitable points upon the route. 
The contractors to be at every expense attending the delivery and dis¬ 
tribution of the provisions, and the issues to be made under the inspec¬ 
tion and direction of tlie officer having charge of the detachment, and 
none to be issued which are not examined and approved by him, arid 
weighed or measured in his presence. Under such an arrangement, 
however, it will be necessary to ascertain, previously to the departure 
of any detachment, that the necessary provisions are ready, and to 
provide them otherwise when there is a failure, lest the Indians might 
suffer where provisions could not be procured. 

43. Where provisions are issued by contractors, the issue will be 
made upon provision returns, to be drawn by the officer having charge 
of the detachment; which detachment will be divided for their more 
convenient receipt, as he may think proper. He will abstract the whole 
in the usual mode at the end of each month, or sooner, if the contract 
relating to his detachment is fulfilled, and will certify that he saw the 
provisions delivered; and he will take special care that the issues do 
not exceed the quantity due by the muster-rolls. These abstracts will 
also be certified by some other respectable person in employment, and 
will, together with the contracts and bills of parcels, form the vouchers 
of delivery. The provision returns will be transmitted to the Commis¬ 
sioner of Indian Affairs. 

44. Where the provisions are not issued by the contractor, but by the 
officer in charge of the detachment, he will call tofliis aid some respect¬ 
able person employed in the business, upon whom the returns will be 
drawn, and who will take immediate charge of the issues; and whether 
issued by contractors or by the conductor, the latter will see that the 
provisions are properly distributed to the emigrants, so that each indi¬ 
vidual shall be supplied with proper subsistence. 

45. The same principles will, in like manner, regulate the issues to the 
Indians during the first year after their arrival at the places of their 
permanent residence. But as they wall then be placed beyond the reach 
of many of those temptations which now assail them, such issues may 
be made at longer intervals, and in larger quantities. Cattle or hogs 
may be delivered upon just estimates on foot, and by these means much 
expense will be saved. The Indian agent will determine whether a just 
regard to the convenience of the Indians requires the designation of 
more than one place at which these issues shall be made. 

4G. The year within which subsistence is to be provided will commence 
upon the day each party arrives in the country assigned to them. The 
conductor, and also the agent west, taking charge of such party, will 
immediately report to the department the arrival of every party, and 
will, at the same time, transmit any explanations rendered necessary 
by any change since the last muster. 


52 


47. Families or individuals detained by sickness or other unavoidable 
causes, and unable to reach their destination at the same time with the 
party to which they belong, will be allowed to draw for the term of one 
year after the termination of their journey; but those who quit their 
party unecessarily will only draw as long as such party draws. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In the collection of the Indians, special care will be taken that suffi¬ 
cient previous notice is given, and a day and place of meeting assigned; 
and in this their wishes and opinions will be consulted, so as to allow 
them ample time to make all their arrangements; and, in the mean time, 
they will be reminded of the necessity of punctuality. No provisions 
will be issued till the arrival of the day which lias been fixed for assem¬ 
bling, and on that day the journal of occurrences will be commenced- 
Every exertion will be used to set out as soon thereafter as possible. 
Two weeks, if necessary, will be allowed for them to collect after the 
day fixed, but no longer, unless some unforeseen* accident happens. 

49. Superintendents and disbursing agents will forward to this office, 
on the first day of every month, a statement of letters received from 
and written to this office, on the Indian emigration, and the dates of 
writing and reception. 

50. The attention of the superintendent and disbursing agent is also 
drawn to the appointments of any agents whom they are authorized to 
appoint. As soon as they are made, this office should be advised, and 
the date of commencement of service, nature of duties, rate of compen¬ 
sation, &c., distinctly stated. 

51. No purchases of sugar, tea, coffee, or of any other article not 
embraced in the ration, will be made, unless deemed necessary for sick 
Indians. 

52. Medicines will only be procured when actually required, or danger 
from sickness is apprehended-. In no instance will full medicine chests 
or surgical instruments be purchased. 

53. No kind of property, including tools, &c., will be purchased, unless 
it be indispensable; and it will, as soon as propriety will admit, be dis¬ 
posed of. 

54. No presents will Jbe made to Indians, unless under the sanction of 
the department; and all promises will be avoided if not in the contem¬ 
plation of the instructions. 

ACCOUNTS AND ACCOUNTABILITY. 

55. The accounts of the removal and subsistence of the Indians are 
distinguished into monthly and quarterly, and the expenditures divided 
into three heads—subsistence, transportation, and contingencies. 

1. Subsistence. —This will consist of all kinds of subsistence for Indians 
—corn, beef, salt, rations, &c. 

2. Transportation. —This will consist of steamboat hire, wagon hire, 
purchases and expenses of wagons, horses, oxen, boats; purchases of 
forage for teams, and subsistence for teamsters; commutation of trans¬ 
portation, ferriages, &c. 

3. Contingencies.-— To embrace the pay and transportation of agents, 
clerks, teamsters, interpreters, and expresses; the cost of tools and of 
all other instruments; the expense incurred in the opening of roads; 
hospital expenses, &c. 

The monthly accounts will consist alone of three abstracts under the 


53 


above beads, and will be made for tbe first and second months of each 
quarter. The vouchers will not accompany them. The quarterly accounts 
will be made up in accordance with the following rules: 


Account current. 

56. Credit the moneys received from the United States, and by trans¬ 
fer from others; and debit the amount of the three abstracts of disburse¬ 
ments, and the moneys transferred to others. (See Form No. 1.) 

Note. —Transfers of moneys will be entered only oh accounts current, 
supported by a receipt, and must not be put on any abstract of disburse¬ 
ments. 


Abstract of disbursements for subsistence. 

57. Enter all purchases of subsistence for Indians, (including rations 
received under contract,) and the cost of its transportation, &c. (See 
Form No. 2.) 


Abstract of disbursements for transportation. 

58. Enter all charges appertaining to the transportation of Indians, 
and no other kind of transportation. (See u Transportation” above, and 
Form No. 3.) 


Abstract of disbursements for contingencies. 

59. (See “Contingencies” above, and Form No. 4.) 

Return of provisions and forage. 

60. Charge, first, the provisions, from the abstract of disbursements 
for subsistence; secondly, the provisions and forage, from the abstract of 
disbursements for transportation. Credit the issues per abstract of 
provisions and forage issued, and by sale or transfer to another agent. 
(See Form No. 5.) 

Abstract of provisions issued. 

61. Enter, first, issues of subsistence to Indians, including rations; 
and, secondly, the issues of subsistence to other than Indians, viz: 
teamsters, laborers, &c. This abstract will show the date of the com¬ 
mencement of issuing to each party, and the date of its arrival in the 
new country. (See Form No. 6.) 

Abstract of forage issued. 

62. The entries will show the kind of forage, number of horses, &c. 
(See Form No. 7.) 

Return of property. 

63. There will be property under each of the three heads of disburse¬ 
ments, but particularly under that of transportation and contingencies. 
The entries will be made from the abstract, specifying from whence 
derived. No return will be made of small articles of stationery. (See 
Form No. 8.) 


54 


Statement of treaty articles. 

64. Agents receiving articles for delivery to Indians under treaty 
stipulations conditioned upon their removal, whether by purchase or 
transfer, will make a quarterly return thereof to the Commissioner ot 
Indian Affairs for each tribe, respectively, showing the articles received, 
on hand, and issued or transferred during the preceding quarter. A 
receipt for articles transferred from one agent to another will accompany 
the return as voucher for the agent so transferring. (See Form No. 9.) 

Provision and forage check. 

65. These checks are specified returns , exhibiting the quantities actu¬ 
ally issued. The entries will also be made on the margin, to avoid 
errors in settlement. When an issue of provision is required, a check 
will be drawn by the disbursing officer on the contractor. The assist¬ 
ant, where one is employed, will certify on the back of the check, 
u 1 have witnessed the issue of the subsistence within required.” Where 
one is not employed the disbursing officer will make this certificate, xhe 
original checks will be forwarded, as evidence, with the accounts, and 
the margins kept by the agent, in case of accident to the others in their 
transmission. (See Form No. 10.) 

Miscellaneous. 

66. Articles of agreement or contracts will be entered into in accordance 
with the regulations; they will be forwarded as soon as made, a dupli¬ 
cate or copy being kept by the disbursing officer. 

67. The vouchers of the quarterly accounts will express the nature of 
the purchase or service as specifically as possible. Where services are 
paid for, the beginning and termination must be expressed, commencing 

on the-, and ending on the-, and not from- 

-to-. Where the time of service was at intervals, the 

several periods must be explicitly named. The signatures of principals 
will be required, except in case of absence, and then a certificate that 
the agent was believed to be duly authorized will answer. But where 
an order is given for payment, a power of attorney must be furnished; 
and in cases of administration, an authenticated copy of the letters. 

68. Wagons and teams , when engaged, will be entered on a roll in the 
name of the owner, or of the person understood to be duly authorized to 
receipt for the wages, and the entry signed by him. This will be done 
at the time of engagement. Anything occurring subsequently to affect 
the contract will be noted in the space for remarks. When there 
is any uncertainty, let the wagons and teams be entered upon condition 
of accepting as many as may be wanted, taking them in the order of the 
roll; provided those ordered are good and sufficient. (See Form No. 12.) 

69. Agents will be paid compensation and expenses by the disbursing 
agents, on the requisition of the superintendent, who will be held account¬ 
able for errors and inaccuracies, except those of calculation. (See Form 
No. 13.) 

70. The rule as to compensation is , that the pay of no agent will commence 
till he reports, in person, for duty to his immediate superintendent, and 
that pay continues until the arrival west of the Indians who are accom¬ 
panied by the agent, and no longer. The rule with regard to the trans¬ 
portation of agents is, that they shall receive no allowance for transport¬ 
ation going to duty , nor while upon duty at or near any point of location, 







55 


but that they shall get their actual expenses traveling west with the 
Indians, and ten cents a mile, by the nearest route, returning from that 
duty. Exceptions to the strictness of this rule will be especially pro¬ 
vided for by instructions, or on application to this office. Disbursing 
agents will be paid their actual traveling expenses , in all cases, upon a 
certificate on honor. 

The actual expenses of all other persons when accompanying Indians 
west of the Mississippi will be in detail, from day to day, and from place 
to place, as specific as possible. The original memorandum will accom¬ 
pany the superintendent’s requisition, and be transmitted to this office. 

71. The monthly abstracts need only be forwarded by disbursing agents 
who are located , except where otherwise required. 

72. Particular attention should be paid to the quarterly statement of 
agents. This should be regularly furnished by both superintendent and 
disbursing agent, and should exhibit a succinct account of the duties 
and labors of every person employed. (See Form No*. 14.) 

73. Too much care cannot be taken to note correctly the distances 
traveled and charged for. Let them always be stated on the best author¬ 
ity. Where they are not found on the post office book, and a post route 
is traveled, the certificate of the postmaster should, if convenient, be 
procured. 

74. The ferriage accounts will be certified by the conductors of parties. 
They will, in every case, state distinctly the number of Indians, wagons, 
ponies, &c., with the cost of the ferriage of each one. As ferriages are 
very expensive, it will be advisable for the disbursing agent, conductor, 
&c., according to circumstances, to make an agreement for all that may 
pass over ferries at a reduced price. This has been done heretofore, and 
resulted in a great saving to the United States. 

75. Estimate of funds, in detail, for the next quarter will be forwarded 
regularly by the disbursing agent, so as to reach Washington at least 
twenty days before the expiration of the current quarter. No item will 
be inserted in the estimate unless it be expressly authorized by this 
office. (See Form No. 15.) 

J. E. POINSETT, 

Secretary of War. 

War Department, May 13, 1837. 


LIST OF FOEMS 

REFERRED TO IN THE PRECEDING REGULATIONS. 
1 Account current. 

2. Abstract of disbursements on account of subsistence. 

3. Abstract of disbursements on account of transportation. 

4. Abstract of disbursements on account of contingencies. 

5. Eeturn of provisions and forage. 

G. Abstract of provisions issued. 

7. Abstract of forage issued. 

8. Eeturn of property. 

9. Statement of treaty articles. 

10. Provision and forage check. 

11. Bill of parcels. 

12. Eoll of wagons and teams. 

13* Agents’ accounts for services. 



56 

14. Quarterly statement of agents. 

15. Estimate of funds. 

16. Abstract of disbursements for subsistence, or transportation, or 
contingencies. 

17. Baggage certificate. 

18. Muster-roll. 

In addition to the above, the following papers will be required; but, 
as to the forms of which, the agents and others will be governed by their 
own views: 

Weekly report, (see paragraph 5.) 

Journal of occurrences, (see paragraph 8.) 


The Uiiitcd States in account current with _, on account of the removal and subsistence of _ Indians, 

for the quarter ending the _ day of _, 18 . 


57 


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See paragraphs 55 and 57. 

























































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Abstract nf provisions issued by _ to the removing _ r _ Indians , at the _ in the quarter 

ending the _ day of _, 18 . 


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* See paragraphs 43 and 61. 








































































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PROVISION OR FORAGE RETURN. 


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Monthly abstract of disbursements for the subsisteyice of the _ Indians, for the month of 


72 




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73 


No. 17. 

*BAGGAGE CERTIFICATE. 


I hereby certify that I have seen the baggage of a company of _ 

___ Indians , about to remove icest of the Mississippi , 

under the direction of _____,_ 

weighed ; and that said baggage iceighed __ 

pounds, and did not exceed the amount allowed by the regulations. 

Dated _, 18 

(Signed) __ r _. 


See paragraph 28. 











Muster roll of a company of ___ Indians about to emigrate west of the Mississippi river, under the direction of 


74 


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75 


No. 03. 

Additional regulations for paying annuities and executing treaty stipula¬ 
tions. 

1st. Superintendents to be general receivers of funds within their 
superintendencies, which they shall distribute in their several districts, 
by requiring the presence of one agent or sub-agent at the superintend¬ 
ency, through whom the moneys shall be conveyed to the different 
agencies. 

The actual and necessary expenses of the agent or sub-agent who 
renders this service shall be paid. 

2d. Annuities to be remitted as follows: those that it will be necessary 
to send early on account of difficulty of transmission by water (on the 
Missouri and Arkansas) to be remitted ftrst, and those for the Mississippi 
and lake country at a proper interval within the time that the money is 
expected. 

The same of goods and other articles under treaties. 

3d. Moneys for expenses of agencies, including pay of agents employed, 
blacksmiths, farmers, and others, to be remitted quarterly; and no second 
quarter’s payment to be turned over to agents by superintendents until 
an account of each preceding quarter’s disbursements is rendered; or 

4th. The agents shall give certificates to the persons employed or 
appointed by them, respectively, of the sums that may be due at the end 
of each quarter, which will pass as cash, and obviate any inconvenience 
that might result from the third provision. This arrangement to be 
adopted or not, as the superintendent and agent may agree. Payments 
not to be made by agents when they grant certificates. These evidences 
of debt to be lifted by the superintendent, who will make no payments 
of the character contemplated without them. 

5th. With the preceding qualifications, the moneys due for annuities 
by treaty stipulations and for expenses to be turned over to the several 
agents and sub-agents by the superintendents. 

6th. Each agent and sub-agent shall transmit, on the first day of every 
month, direct to the office of Indian Affairs, one abstract of the receipts 
and exi)enditures of the previous month, prepared as the quarterly 
abstracts are, except that they will be unaccompanied by vouchers, includ¬ 
ing goods, provisions, stock, implements of husbandry, and every species 
of property confided to his care, and another to his superintendent. And 
each agent and sub agent shall, within five days after the expiration of 
every quarter, make out and certify his accounts for that quarter, and 
by the first mail thereafter (or by the first opportunity where there is no 
mail) transmit the same to his proper superintendent, sending by the 
mail, where there is one, a certificate of the postmaster to said office that 
he has made said transmission. 

The superintendents shall, severally, withip five days after the receipt 
of the quarterly accounts, transmit the same by mail to the Commissioner 
of Indian Affairs, with a certificate of the postmaster as above. Upon a 
failure to comply with the foregoing, or the non-arrival of the accounts 
in due course at this department, one request for explanation shall be 
made of the agent, sub-agent, or superintendent, as the case may be, and 
if it is not satisfactory, such omission or neglect shall be regarded as just 
cause of removal. 

7th. The superintendent at St. Louis, and the acting superintendents 
of the Western Territory and of Michigan, shall each give bond, with 
two sureties, in the sum of twenty thousand dollars; the different agents 


76 


and sub-agents who disburse upwards of fifty thousand dollars shall 
give the like security; those whose disbursements are under fifty and 
over twenty thousand dollars shall enter into bond, as above, in a sum 
not exceeding ten thousand dollars; and those whose disbursements 
will be under twenty thousand dollars, in bond not exceeding five thou¬ 
sand dollars; conditioned, severally, for the faithful discharge of their 
respective duties, and the rendering of just accounts, as hereinbefore 
provided, of the receipt and expenditures of all moneys and property 
of every description intrusted to them, and the paying over of balances 
and delivery of property that may be at any time in their hands, on the 
requisition of the department. 

8th. The emigration of Indians to be conducted, as heretofore, under 
special superintendents and agents, with the modification made neces¬ 
sary by the law of July 5, 1838. 

9th. The regulations heretofore prescribed continue in force, except 
where changed hereby. The different superintendents and agents will 
have reference to so much of the 13th section of the law of the 30th of 
June, 1834, as requires their accounts for the year to be on file by the 
first of October. 

10th. The form of the voucher will be varied according to the change 
of circumstances. The agent will take the receipt of the individual to 
whom he makes payment, and below it will add, “I certify, on honor, 
that the above account is correct and just, and that I have actually, 

this-day of-, paid the amount thereof.” General accounts 

of moneys or property will be certified as heretofore directed by regula¬ 
tions. 

11th. Receipts for annuities will be taken in duplicate, and certified 
by the agent and interpreter, and. by a military officer, where one is 
present under the next regulation, and, when there is none, by at least 
one respectable citizen. 

12th. When an annuity is about to be paid, the Secretary of War will 
order a military officer, where one can be had for the purpose, to attend 
at the point of payment, carrying with him a small number of soldiers— 
say fifteen or twenty—to preserve order, exclude the sale and prevent 
the use of ardent spirits, to protect the Indians from losing the benefits 
intended them by the government, either by their own improvidence or 
the acts of others, and, generally, to enforce the intercourse laws. 

13tli. Where there are independent agencies—as for the Wyandots, 
Munsees, and Delawares in Ohio, the Miamies and Eel Rivers in Indi¬ 
ana, and the Six Nations in New York—the agents will be furnished 
with funds, and transmit their monthly abstracts, quarterly accounts, 
and certificates of postmasters, according to the restrictions as to time, 
&c., in the 6th of these regulations, direct to the office of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Indian Affairs. 

J. R, POINSETT. 

War Department, March 23, 1839. 

V 7 , ■ 


Circular to the disbursing officers and agents in the service of the Indian 

department. 

War Department, 

Office Indian Affairs , August 20, 1846. 
Sir : The annexed 20tli and 21st sections of the act of the 6th instant 
for the u better organization of the treasury,” &c., are herewith trans¬ 
mitted for your information and strict observance. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant. 





77 


Sec. 20. And be it further enacted , That no exchange of funds shall 
he made by any disbursing officers or agents of the government, of any 
grade or denomination whatsoever, or connected with any branch of the 
public service, other than an exchange for gold and silvery and every 
such disbursing officer, when the means for his disbursement are fur¬ 
nished to him in gold and silver, shall make his payments in the money 
so furnished, or when those means are furnished to him in drafts, shall 
cause those drafts to be presented at their place of payment, and prop¬ 
erly paid according to the law, and shall make his payments in the 
money so received for the drafts furnished, unless, in either case, he can 
exchange the means in his hands for gold and silver at par. And it 
shall be, and is hereby made, the duty of the head of the proper depart¬ 
ment immediately to suspend from duty any disbursing officer who shall 
violate the provisions of this section, and forthwith to report the name 
of the officer or agent to the President, with the fact of the violation, 
and all the circumstances accompanying the same and within the knowl¬ 
edge of the said Secretary, to the end that such officer or agent may be 
promptly removed from office or restored to his trust and the perform¬ 
ance of his duties, as to the President may seem just and proper: Pro¬ 
vided, hoicever, That those disbursing officers having at present credits 
in the banks shall, until tl;e first day of January next, be allowed to 
check on the same, allowing the public creditors to receive their pay 
from the banks either in specie or bank notes. 

Sec. 20. And be it f urther enacted, That it shall be the duty of the 
Secretary of the Treasury to issue and publish regulations to enforce 
the speedy presentation of all government drafts, for payment, at the 
place where payable, and to prescribe the time, according to the differ¬ 
ent distances of the depositaries from the seat of government, within 
which all drafts upon them, respectively, shall be presented for payment, 
and, in default of such presentation, to direct any other mode and place 
of payment which he may deem proper; but in all these regulations and 
directions it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to guard, 
as far as may be, against those drafts being used or thrown into circu¬ 
lation as a paper currency or medium of exchange. And no officer of 
the United States shall, either directly or indirectly, sell or dispose to 
any person or persons, or corporations, whatsoever, for a premium, any 
treasury note, draft, warrant, or other public security, not his private 
property, or sell or dispose of the avails or proceeds of such note, draft, 
warrant, or security, in liis hands for disbursement, without making 
return of such premium, and accounting therefor by charging the same 
in his accounts to the credit of the United States; and any officer vio¬ 
lating this section shall be forthwith dismissed from office. 


War Department, October 1, 184G. 

Sir : The practice which has heretofore prevailed, to a considerable 
extent, of paying moneys due to Indians on powers of attorney given by 
them, is wholly inconsistent with the duty of government to pay over to 
them, promptly and without abatement, whatever may be due to them 
under any treaty or law, or for any claim whatever to which they may 
be justly entitled. Agents are appointed and paid by the government 
to attend to their business for them, and they should be the medium of 
all their communications with the government, whether in relation to 
any claims they may have, or to their wants or wishes upon any other 
subject. 



78 


Considering how easily Indians are imposed upon, to permit them to 
dispose of their claims, as is frequently done, for a very inadequate con¬ 
sideration, or to employ persons to collect them, to whom they give 
powers of attorney, and who thereupon draw the money and keep what¬ 
ever amount of it they may see proper as their compensation, is to neg¬ 
lect the duty of the government towards them, and to allow them to do 
wrong and injustice to themselves. The practice referred to should there¬ 
fore be discountenanced, and you will instruct all the superintendents, 
agents, and sub-agents of the Indian department that it will be, and direct 
them to give the Indians under their charge clearly to understand that 
hereafter all their claims, wants, or wishes, should be communicated to 
the department through them, when they will be promptly attended to, 
and full justice done them. 

Should any Indian or Indians, however, notwithstanding the above 
determination, persist in giving powers of attorney, no part of the sum 
which may be recovered thereupon will be paid to the persons holding 
them, except such an amount as, under the circumstances of the case, 
may appear to the department to be a fair and just compensation for 
their trouble and expense. The remainder will, in all cases, be remitted 
to the agent or sub-agent for payment to the Indian claimant in person. 

Very respectfully, your obedient seryant, 

W. L. MARCY, 
Secretary of War . 

Wm. Medill, Esq., 

Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 


Circular. 


War Department, 

Office Indian Affairs , October 2, 1846. 

The attention of all agents of the Indian department, whose duty it 
is, or may become, to receive and disburse public money, is particularly 
called-to the second and third sections of the “Act concerning the 
disbursement of public money,” of January 31, 1823, which are as 
follows: 

“ Sec. 2. And be it further enacted , That every officer or agent of the 
United States who shall receive public money which he is not authorized 
to retain, as salary, pay, or emoluments, shall render his accounts quar¬ 
ter-yearly to the proper acounting officers of the treasury, with the 
vouchers necessary to the correct and prompt settlement thereof, within 
three months, at least, after the expiration of each successive quarter, if 
resident within the United States, and within six months if resident in 
a foreign country: Provided , That nothing herein contained shall be con¬ 
strued to restrain the Secretaries of any of the departments from requir¬ 
ing such returns from any officer or agent, subject to the control of such 
Secretaries, as the public interest may require. 

“Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That every officer or agent of the 
United States, who shall offend against the provisions of the preceding 
sections, shall, by the officer charged with the direction of the depart¬ 
ment to which such offending officer is responsible, be promptly reported 
to the President of the United States, and dismissed from the public ser¬ 
vice : Provided , That in all cases where any officer in default as afore¬ 
said shall account to the satisfaction of the. President for such default, 
he may be continued in office, anything in the foregoing provision to the 
contrary notwithstanding.” 



79 


All disbursing officers of the department are hereby enjoined and 
required to conform strictly to the requirements of the above law, in 
regard to the rendering of their accounts. Where circumstances may 
exist which prevent their doing so, they will forward in season to reach 
the department within the prescribed time a statement, on honor, con¬ 
taining a full explanation of the cause or causes of the delay, in order 
that the President may judge whether they can properly be exempted 
from the penalty of the law. 

W. MEDILL, Commissioner. 




Circular. 


Department of War, 

Office Indian Affairs, April 9, 1847. 

To the superintendents , agents , and sul)-agents of the Indian department: 

This office perceives, with regret, that many of its officers, charged 
with the disbursement of public moneys, still continue the practice of 
using funds remitted for one purpose or object for another or others. It 
must be discontinued, as it produces not only confusion in the settlement 
of accounts, but greatly augments the labor of the accounting officers. 
Hereafter, if there are demands to be met for which there are no funds 
applicable in the hands of the officer, he will suspend the same, and 
report the fact, accompanied by an estimate, specifically setting forth 
the nature of the demand, to this office, when, if approved, the requisite 
funds will be remitted. 

W. MEDILL, 

Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 


War Department, Office of Indian Affairs. 

Sir: The annexed regulations of the War Department, with the sub¬ 
joined extracts from laws passed by Congress for the suppression and 
prevention of the introduction of and traffic in intoxicating liquors in 
the Indian country, are transmitted for your information and govern¬ 
ment. You will promptly and rigorously enforce their provisions without 
respect to persons. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant. 


Regulations. 

The attention of all the officers and agents of the government in the 
Indian country, and of all persons residing or entering therein under 
license or permission, is called to the 20th and 21st sections of the act of 
June 30, 1834, and to the 2d section of an act approved the 3d of March 
ultimo, the great object of which is to save our Indian population from 
the ruinous effects of the use of intoxicating liquors. 

These laws impose upon commanding officers of military posts and 
superintendents of Indian affairs, agents, and sub-agents the following 
duties: 

1st. To cause promptly to be prosecuted any and all persons guilty of 
giving or in any way disposing of spirituous liquor or wine to an Indian 





80 


in the Indian country, or of introducing or attempting to introduce the 
same therein; such persons in the one case being liable to a fine of five 
hundred dollars and imprisonment for two years, and in the other to a 
fine of three hundred dollars and imprisonment for one year. 

2d. To search for any spirituous liquor or Wine which there is reason to 
believe lias been or is about being introduced into the Indian country, 
which is not intended as a part of the military supplies authorized by 
this department, and, if found, to destroy it, and to seize upon the prop¬ 
erty of the person guilty of the offense, with which the same may be 
found, and deliver it over to the proper officer, to be proceeded against 
by libel in the proper court, such property being liable to forfeiture, one- 
half to the use of the informer, and the other to that of the United States. 
It is also the duty of any person in any way in the employment of the 
government—and the same may be done by any Indian—to destroy any 
spirituous liquor or wine found in the Indian country. 

3d. If the person guilty of introducing or attempting to introduce 
spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country be a trader, it is the 
duty of the proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent immediately to 
revoke his license and to put his bond in suit. 

4th. To destroy any distillery in the Indian country for the manufac¬ 
ture of ardent spirits, and to cause to be promptly prosecuted any person 
or persons who may erect or carry on such distillery, in order to recover 
the fine of one thousand dollars prescribed for such offense. 

It is also provided that in all prosecutions for the offenses mentioned 
in the first of the foregoing heads Indians shall be competent witnesses. 

All military officers in the Indian country, and the superintendents, 
agents, and sub-agents of the Indian department, are required and en¬ 
joined to be vigilant and active in the execution of the duties imposed 
upon them by these laws, which are appended hereto for their more par¬ 
ticular information as to the nature and extent of their respective duties; 
and it is expected that all other persons in the employment of the gov¬ 
ernment, or who are licensed or permitted to be in the Indian country, 
will on every occasion aid those officers and agents in the most effectual 
manner in their power. 

Any omission on the part of the officers of, and persons employed in, 
the Indian department particularly, or on the part of those licensed or 
permitted to be in the Indian country, to do all that can justly and fairly 
be done to put an end to the infamous traffic with the Indians in or 
through intoxicating liquors, will be regarded as good cause for the 
removal in the one case, or in the other for the revocation of their licenses 
or permits. 

Now that Indians are made competent witnesses in our courts, for the 
purpose of further enabling the government to destroy an evil which has 
been so destructive of their best interest and hapiness, it is expected that 
the chiefs and others who desire the welfare and prosperity of the people 
will co-operate with the agents of the government in arresting this great 
source of mischief to the Indian race. Those who fail to do so by every 
proper means in their power cannot be regarded as desiring or caring 
for either. 

By the third section of the act of the 3d ultimo it is provided that 
“No annuities, or moneys, or goods shall be paid or distributed to the 
Indians while they are under the influence of any description of intoxi¬ 
cating liquor, nor where there are good and sufficient reasons for the 
officers or agents whose duty it may be to make such payments or dis¬ 
tribution for believing that there is any species of intoxicating liquor 
within convenient reach of the Indians, nor until the chiefs and headmen 


81 


of the tribe shall have pledged themselves to use all their influence and 
to make all proper exertions to prevent the introduction and sale of such 
liquor in their country.” 

W. L. MAECY. 

War Department, April 13, 1847. 


AN ACT to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on 
the frontiers, approved June 30, 1834. 

Sec. 20. And be it further enacted , That if any person shall sell, 
exchange, or give, barter, or dispose of, any spirituous liquor or wine 
to an Indian, (in the Indian country,) such person shall forfeit and pay 
the sum of five hundred dollars; and if any person shall introduce, or 
attempt to introduce, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian 
country, except such supplies as shall be necessary for the officers of the 
United States and troops of the service, under the direction of the War 
Department, such person shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding three 
hundred dollars; and if any superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian 
agent, or sub-agent, or commanding officer of a military post, has reason 
to suspect, or is informed, that any white person or indian is about to 
introduce, or has introduced, any spirituous liquor or wine into the 
Indian country, in violation of the provisions of this section, it shall be 
lawful for such superintendent, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or military 
officer, agreeably to such regulations as may be established by the Presi¬ 
dent of the United States, to cause the boats, stores, packages, and 
places of deposit of such person to be searched, and if any such spirituous 
liquor or wine is found, the goods, boats, packages, and peltries of such 
person shall be seized and delivered to the proper officer, and shall 
be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited, one-half 
to the use of the informer, and the other half to the use of the United 
States; and if such person is a trader, his license shall be revoked and 
his bond put in suit. And it shall, moreover, be lawful for any person 
in the service of the United States, or for any Indian, to take and destroy 
any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, excepting mili¬ 
tary supplies, as mentioned in this section. 

Sec. 21. And be it further enacted , That if any person whatever shall, 
within the limits of the Indian country, set up or continue any distillery 
for manufacturing ardent spirits, he shall forfeit and pay a penalty of 
one thousand dollars; and it shall be the duty of the superintendent of 
Indian affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, within the limits of whose 
agency the same shall be set up or continued, forthwith to destroy and 
break up the same, and it shall be lawful to employ the military force of 
the United States in executing that duty. 


AN ACT to amend an act entitled “ An act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian 
tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontier,” approved June 13, 1834. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled , That the twentieth section of 
the “ Act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and 
to preserve peace on the frontiers,” approved June thirtieth, eighteen 
hundred and thirty-four, be, and the same is hereby, amended, so as to 
read as follows, to wit: 

6 i B 




82 


“ Sec. 20. And be it further enacted , That if any person shall sell, 
exchange, give, barter, or dispose of any spirituous liquor or Avine to any 
Indian under the charge of any Indian superintendent or Indian agent 
appointed by the United States, or shall introduce, or attempt to intro¬ 
duce any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, such person, 
on conviction thereof before the proper district court of the United 
States, shall be imprisoned for a period not exceeding Iavo years, and 
shall be fined not more than three hundred dollars: Provided , however , 
That it shall be a sufficient defense to any charge of introducing or 
attempting to introduce liquor into the Indian country if it be proved to 
be done by order of the War Department , or of any officer duly authorized 
thereto by the War Department. And if any superintendent of Indian 
affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or commanding officer of a military 
post, lias reason to suspect, or is informed that any Avhite person or 
Indian is about to introduce, or has introduced, any spirituous liquor or 
wine into the Indian country, in violation of the piwisions of this sec¬ 
tion, it shall be lawful for such superintendent, agent, sub-agent, or com¬ 
manding officer, to cause the boats, stores, packages, Avagons, sleds, and 
places of deposit of such person to be searched; and if any such liquor 
is found therein, the same, together with the boats, teams, wagons, and 
sleds, used in conveying the same, and also the goods, packages, and 
peltries of such person, shall be seized and delivered to the proper officer, 
and shall be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited 
—one-half to the informer, and the other half to the use. of the United 
States; and, if such person be a trader, his license shall be roA T oked and 
his bond put in suit. And it shall moreover be lawful for any person in 
the service of the United States, or for any Indian, to take and destroy 
any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, except such as 
may be introduced therein by the War Department, and, in all cases 
arising‘under this act, Indians shall be competent witnesses.” 

ApproA r ed February 13, 18G2. 


AN ACT to amend an act entitled “An act to provide for the better organization of the 
Department of Indian Affairs,” and an act entitled “An act to regulate trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers,” approved March 
3, 1847 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted , That the 20th section of the “Act to 
regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve 
peace on the frontiers,” approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and 
thirty-four, be, and the same is hereby so amended, that, in addition to the 
fines thereby imposed, any person ayIio shall sell, exchange, or barter, 
give, or dispose of any spirituous liquor or wine to an Indian, in the 
Indian country, or who shall introduce, or attempt to introduce, any 
spirituous liquor or Avine into the Indian country, except such supplies 
as may be necessary for the officers of the United States and the troops 
of the service, under the direction of the War Department, such person, 
on conviction thereof before the proper district court of the United 
States, shall, in the former case, be subject to imprisonment for a period 
not exceeding two years, and in the latter case not exceeding one year, 
as shall be prescribed by the court, according to the extent and crimin¬ 
ality of the offense. And in all prosecutions arising under this section, 
and under the twentieth section of the act to regulate trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers, 
approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four, to which this 
is anamendment, Indians shall be competent witnesses. 



83 


Regulations concerning the granting of licenses to trade until the Indians. 

1st. License to trade with the Indians will he granted only to citizens 
of the United States, of unexceptionable character, and who are fit per¬ 
sons to be in the Indian country. They will not be granted to any per¬ 
son who may previously have had a license, which was revoked, or the 
forfeiture of whose bond was decreed, in consequence of the violation of 
any of the laws or regulations, or of being an improper person to be in 
the Indian' country. 

2d. Licenses will not permit the introduction or sale in the Indian 
country of any description of any intoxicating liquor, any uniform cloth¬ 
ing other than that of the United States, nor any medals, flags, arm 
bands, or other ornaments of dress bearing the figures, emblems, or 
devices of any foreign power; nor will they authorize any trade with a 
tribe or tribes with which intercourse may have been prohibited by the 
President of the United States. 

3d. All applications for licenses must be made in writing to the proper 
agent or sub-agent; or, in case of their absence or inability to act, to 
the superintendent of the district in which the tribe or tribes may be 
located with which the license to trade is desired. 

4th. The application must set forth the name and residence of the 
person or persons desiring the license ; and if a firm, the style and desig¬ 
nation thereof; the place or places where it is proposed to carry on the 
trade; the amount of capital to be employed at each place, and the names 
and capacities of the agents, clerks, and other persons it is proposed to 
employ therein, or in connection therewith. If such person be not known 
’totlie officer to whom the application is made, satisfactory testimonials 
of unexceptionable character and fitness to be in the Indian country 
must accompany the application. * 

5th. If, after" the license shall have been granted, it is desired to 
employ other persons than those named therein, either to fill vacancies 
or otherwise, their names, the capacity in which it is proposed to employ 
them, and, it* not known, satisfactory testimonials, as required in the pre¬ 
ceding paragraph, must first be furnished to the agent, sub-agent, or 
superintendent, as the case may be, and his permission in writing 
obtained therefor. On such permission being given, the fact will imme¬ 
diately be reported to the department, with the names and capacities of 
all such persons and the names and capacities ot those in whose places 
any of them are to be employed. A separate list of persons other than 
citizens of the United States, permitted by law to be employed by trad¬ 
ers in the Indian country, such as “ foreign boatmen, and interpreters,” 
will be transmitted annually on the 30th of September for the previous 
year to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

0th. All licenses will be in the form hereto annexed, and will embrace 
the same particulars required by the first sentence of paragraph four to 
be stated in the application. No trade w ill be permitted with any other 
tribe or tribes, or at any other place or places, than those specified in 
the license. 

7th. When the agent, sub-agent, or superintendent shall have deter¬ 
mined to grant a license, the same, duly executed, will, before being 
delivered, be transmitted to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, “for 
his approval or disapproval,” as required by the second- section of the 
act of June 30, 1834, “to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian 
tribes,” &c., and will be accompanied by the application and the testi¬ 
monials in favor of the persons to be employed. In case any of those 
persons are so favorably know n to the agent, sub-agent, or superintend- 


4 


84 


ent, that he does not consider testimonials in their favor necessary, 
they may be dispensed with by his indorsing on the application accord¬ 
ingly, prior to its transmission with the license. 

8th. The bond required by law to be given by the person or persons 
to whom a license may be granted, that they “will faithfully observe all 
the laws and regulations made for the government of trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, and in no respect violate the same,” will 
be according to the annexed form. Duly executed and approved by the 
person issuing the license, who will also certify to the sufficiency of the 
sureties, it will be transmitted, with the license and other papers, to the 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. (See act approved June 30, 1867.) 

• 9th. No license will be granted for a longer period than one year; 
but at the end of that time, if the agent, sub-agent, or superintendent 
be satisfied that the trade has been conducted properly, and that the 
laws and regulations of the department and the terms of the license 
were duly observed, new licenses may be granted without the formality 
required by the fourth paragraph of these regulations, a new bond being 
given and transmitted to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as pro¬ 
vided for in paragraph eight. 

10th. The principals of all trading establishments will be held respon¬ 
sible for the conduct and acts of the persons in their employ in the 
Indian country; and an infraction of any of the terms or conditions of 
a license, or any of the laws or regulations by such persons, will be con¬ 
sidered good and sufficient cause for revoking the license in the same 
manner as if committed by the principals themselves. 

11th. Before new or additional goods are carried into the Indian 
country for the purpose of trade, notice thereof shall be given to the* 
proper agent or sub-agent, and a copy of the invoices thereof, together 
with a .list of the old goods on hand at the time and their value, shall 
be furnished the said agent or sub-agent, under oath, or otherwise sat¬ 
isfactorily verified, so that the department may, at different periods, be 
advised of the quantity and description of goods on hand at any 
trading establishment. 

12tli. Any license may be revoked by the proper superintendent when¬ 
ever, in his opinion, the person or persons licensed, or any of those in 
his or their employ, “shall have transgressed any of the laws or regula¬ 
tions made for the government of trade and intercourse with the Indian 
tribes, or that it would be improper to permit them to remain in the Indian 
country.” Any infraction of the laws or regulations, or of any of the 
terms and conditions of a license, with all the circumstances connected 
therewith, and all improper conduct on the part of traders, or any per¬ 
son in their employ in the Indian country, will be reported without delay 
to the superintendent of the district within which the same shall have 
occurred, in order that he may take into consideration the propriety of 
revoking the license. All cases of licenses refused or revoked, with all 
the facts and circumstances, will be promptly reported to the depart¬ 
ment, a right of appeal to which, in such cases, is reserved to those feel¬ 
ing themselves aggrieved. 

W. L. MARCY, 

Secretary of War . 

War Department, November 9, 1847. 


k 


85 


Form of License. 

Be it known, That (name or names in full , and place of residence of 
each; and if a firm, add —partners, trading under the name and firm of 

-, giving the style or designation of the firm,) having filed his (their) 

application before me for a license to trade with the (name of the tribe) 
tribe of Indians at the following named place (places) within the bound¬ 
aries of the countries occupied by the said tribe, viz: (name, if any, and 
specific locality of place or places,) and having executed and filed with me 
a bond in the penal sum of (amount of bond) dollars, with (name and 
sureties) as sureties, conditioned, as required by law, for the faithful 
observance of all the laws and regulations provided for the government 
of trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and reposing special 
trust and confidence in the patriotism, humanity, and correct business 
habits of the said applicant, ( applicants,) and being satisfied that he 
(they) is a citizen (are citizens) of the United States as required by law, 
lie is (they are) hereby authorized to carry on the business of trading 
with the said (name of tribe) tribe of Indians, at the above-named place, 
(any one or all of the above-named places,) for the term of one year from 
the date hereof, and to keep in his {their) employ thereat the following 
named persons, or any of them, in the capacities affixed to their names, 
respectively, viz : (names and capacities of employes,) all of which persons 
I am satisfied, from my own knowledge, or from the testimonials which 
have been placed in my hands, sustain a fair character, and are fit to 
be in the Indian country. 

Given under my hand and seal, this-day of-, eighteen 

hundred and-. 


Form of affidavit to be attached to licenses by the person granting the same. 

I, (name of Agent,) United States Indian agent for the (name of tribe) 
Indians, do solemnly swear (or affirm, or, where there are no magistrates 
accessible, certify on honor) that tiie license hereto annexed and granted 
by me has been granted without any agreement or understanding with 
the party so licensed, or any other person or persons on the behalf of 
the party so licensed, for any benefit or advantage to myself, directly or 
indirectly, present or future, or to any person or persons on my behalf, 
in any manner whatever; and that no arrangement for such benefit to 
myself, or other person on my behalf, is in contemplation in case said 
license shall be approved. 


Section 4 of an act malting appropriations for the current and contin¬ 
gent expenses of the Indian department and for f ulfilling treaty stipula¬ 
tions with various Indian tribes for the year ending thirtieth June , 
eighteen hundred a nd sixty-seven, and for other purposes. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted , That any loyal person, a citizen of 
the United States, of good moral character, shall be permitted to trade 
with any Indian tribe upon giving bond to the United States in the 
penal sum of not less than five nor more than ten thousand dollars, with 








86 


at least two good securities, to be approved by the superintendent of 
the district within which such person proposes to trade, or by the. 
United States district judge or district attorney for the district in which 
the obligor resides, renewable each year, conditioned that such person 
will faithfully observe all the laws and regulations made for the govern¬ 
ment of trade and intercourse with Indian tribes, and in no respect 
violate the same : Provided , That the la ws now in force regulating trade 
and intercourse with Indian tribes, affecting licensed traders, and pre¬ 
scribing the powers and duties of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 
superintendents, agents, and sub-agents in connection therewith, shall 
be continued in force and apply to traders under this provision, except 
as herein otherwise provided. 

Approved July 26, 1866. 


Form of bond. 

Know all men by these presents, that we (name in full of the per¬ 
son or persons licensed, and of their sureties, together with the place or 
places of residence of each, as in the license) are held and firmly bound 
unto the United States of America in the sum of-dollars, law¬ 

ful money of the United States; for the payment of which well and 
truly to be made, we bind ourselves, and each of us, our heirs, execu¬ 
tors, and administrators, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. 

Sealed with our seals, and dated this-day of-, one thousand 

eight hundred and — : —. 

The condition of the above obligation is such, that whereas ( name 
and title of agent, sub-agent, superintendent, or acting superintendent) 
hath granted to the said {name of person or persons licensed, as obove) 
a license dated (date of license) to trade for one year with the {name of 
tribe) tribe of Indians, at the following described place ( places ) within 
the boundaries of the country occupied by the said tribe, viz : (name, 
if any, and designation of locality of the place or places:) 

Now, if the said (name of the person or persons licensed) so licensed 
shall faithfully conform to and observe all the laws and regulations 
made, or which shall be made, “for the government of trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, and in no respect violate the same,” and 
shall trade at the aforesaid place (places) and no other, and shall, in all 
respects, act conformably with the license granted to him (them,) then 
this obligation to be void, else to remain in full force and virtue. 

Signed and sealed in presence of— 

- -. [seal. 

-. [SEAL.’ 

-. SEAL. 


AN ACT to amend an act entitled “An act to provide for the better organization of the 
Department of Indian Affairs,” and an act entitled “ An act to regulate trade and inter¬ 
course with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers,” approved March 
3, 1847. 

“ Sec. 3. And be it further enacted , That the eleventh section of the 
4 Act to provide for the better organization of the Department of Indian 
Affairs,’ approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four, be 
and the same is hereby so amended as to provide that all annuities or 
















87 


other moneys, and all. goods, stipulated by treaty to be paid or furnished 
to anj Indian tribe, shall, at the discretion of the President or Secretary 
ot W ar, instead ot being paid over to the chiefs, or to such persons as 
they shall designate, be divided and paid over to the heads of families 
and other individuals entitled to participate therein, or with the consent 
ot the tribe be applied to such purposes as will best promote the happi¬ 
ness and prosperity of the members thereof, under such regulations as 
shall be prescribed by the Secretary of War, not inconsistent with exist¬ 
ing treaty stipulations. And no such annuities, or moneys, or goods, 
shall be paid or distributed to the Indians while they are under the 
influence ot any description of intoxicating liquor, nor while there are 
good and sufficient reasons for the officers or agents, whose duty it may 
be to make •such payments or distribution, for believing that there 
is any species of intoxicating liquor within convenient reach of the 
Indians, nor until the chiefs and headmen of the tribe shall have 
pledged themselves to use all their influence and to make all pro¬ 
per exertions to prevent the introduction and sale of such liquor in their 
country; and all executory contracts made and entered into by any 
Indian for the payment of money or goods shall be deemed and held to 
be null and void, and of no binding effect whatsoever.” 


Instructions to the officers of the Indian department under the foregoing 

law . 

War Department, 

Office Indian Affairs , August 30, 1847. 

Sir : In placing in your hands, for distribution to the several agents 
for payment to the different tribes of Indians of your superintendency, 
the annuities due to them for the present year, it becomes necessary 
to call your attention and that of the agents to the third section of 
an act of Congress approved the 3d of March last, which provides 
u that all annuities or other moneys, and all goods stipulated by 
treaty to be paid or furnished to any Indian tribe, shall, at the dis¬ 
cretion of the President or Secretary of War, instead of being paid 
over to the chiefs or such persons as they shall designate, be divided 
and paid over to heads of families and other individuals entitled 
to participate therein; or, with the consent of the tribe, be applied to 
such purposes as will best promote the happiness and prosperity of 
the members thereof, under such regulations as shall be prescribed by 
the Secretary of War, not inconsistent with existing treaty stipu¬ 
lation. And no such annuities, or moneys, or goods, shall be paid or 
distributed to the Indians while they are under the influence of any 
description of intoxicating liquor, nor while there are good and suffi¬ 
cient reasons for the officers and agents, whose duty it may be to 
make such payments or distribution, for believing that there is any 
species of intoxicating liquor within convenient reach of the Indians; 
nor until the chiefs and headmen of the tribe shall have pledged 
themselves to use all their influence, and to make all proper exertions 
to prevent the introduction and sale of such liquor in their country; 
and all executory contracts made and entered into by any Indian for 
• the payment of money or goods shall be deemed to be null and void 
and of no binding effect whatsoever. These provisions are wise and 
beneficent, and if properly carried out, according to their spirit and 



88 


intent, must be productive of the greatest good to those of our Indian 
tribes to whom annuities are payable. It is probably one of the most 
salutary laws affecting our Indian relations that has ever been passed. 
Annuities, especially when large, instead of being the source of benefit 
and the means of moral and social improvement of the Indians, have but 
too generally been productive of much evil among them. Instead of 
being used to procure the necessaries and comforts of life, and to multi¬ 
ply the means and facilities of obtaining a certain and comfortable sub¬ 
sistence, they have too often proved only the fruitful source of bad 
habits, profligacy, and vice, contributing to the Indian’s love of indo¬ 
lence and natural disinclination to anything like continuous and profita¬ 
ble labor. 

Under the law, as it heretofore stood, the annuities were payable to 
the chiefs only, or to such persons as they might designate. When so 
paid, it was too often the case that the upright and well disposed 
reaped little or no benefit from them whatever, the idle and profligate 
recklessly incurring large debts on the faith of them, which, through 
improper influences, the chiefs would be induced to recognize and sanc¬ 
tion as national and binding on the whole tribe, and ordered to be paid 
out of their annuities, thus robbing the better class to make good the 
improvidence of the worse, and producing an oppressive inequality 
among the individuals of the tribes, discouragement to those who would 
have made a beneficial use of their just share, and general discontent and 
dissatisfaction. When the money is paid to the chiefs, and the national 
credit is based upon their authority, the benefits’ of the funds of the 
nation too often inure principally to themselves and their special retain¬ 
ers and friends, and the mass of the tribe get little or nothing, and what 
they do get is at a sacrifice of a proper personal independence. The 
power of the chiefs to make such divisions of the funds as they choose 
enable them to control the sentiment and to overawe the individuals of 
the tribe generally; thus converting what was intended to be a national 
blessing into a national curse. But when each individual goes to the 
pay table and gets his due proportion, it produces a just idea of individ¬ 
ual right and each knows exactly what he has to rely upon, and that 
beyond it the support and maintenance of himself depend upon his own 
exertions. 

The operation of the system of making the payments to the chiefs 
was also liable to be, and in some cases was, attended with pernicious 
effects in regard to them. It left the way open, if it did not offer induce¬ 
ments, to their being bribed to allow unjust and unfounded claims against 
the tribe; and through the influence and exertions of persons preferring 
such claims, led to their being depressed or elevated in standing and 
influence with their tribe, according to their dispositions to oppose such 
demands, or their willingness to allow them ; thus giving rise to dissen¬ 
sions and heart burnings fatal to peace and harmony among themselves 
and the tribe. 

The full power given to the department by the law will enable it to 
check, to a great extent, if not entirely to cure these evils, wherever they 
exist. Individual payments will put a stop especially to the reckless 
running into debt to which many of the Indians have become so prone, 
and the encouragement held out for them to do so in the expectation 
that the chiefs can be prevailed on to order payment out of the general 
annuities. 

The power conferred by the law to withhold the annuities when the 
Indians are under the influence of intoxicating drink, or while there is 
any liquor within their convenient reach, or when they do not manifest 


89 


ii proper disposition to co-operate witli the authorities of the government 
in their efforts to put a stop to the use of ardent spirits and the nefari¬ 
ous traffic in them in the Indian country, may he made the effective 
means, to a great extent, of rooting out this great and prevalent evil. 
The attention oi the agents and sub-agents will be called particularly to 
this subject, and they are required to use the power thus given by the 
law in the most effectual manner for the accomplishment of this great 
object. 

Since the passage of the law, letters have been received by the Presi¬ 
dent and this department from some of the traders and alleged creditors 
of the Indians against per capita payments, which they represent as an 
innovation upon past usages, and a consequent invasion of their vested 
rights. But, notwithstanding the law heretofore required the annuities 
to be paid to the chiefs, or to such persons only as they might designate, 
they have in nearly all cases, for several years past been induced by their 
own people to consent to per capita payments to the individuals of the 
tribe, which has accordingly been done, as is shown by the returns in 
the office of the Second Auditor. The law of the 3d of March is, there¬ 
fore, no departure from the custom which has prevailed for some years, 
nor is it any violation of the rights of those who may have claims against 
the Indians. The money will be paid over to the families and individu¬ 
als of the different tribes, and they will be free to apply it towards the 
discharge of their just and acknowledged liabilities. 

As the responsible guardian of the interest and welfare of the Indians, 
and in pursuance of the discretionary power vested in him by law, the 
President therefore directs that hereafter all annuities, and other moneys 
and goods due to the Indians be paid and distributed to heads of fami¬ 
lies, and to individuals without families entitled to participate therein, 
unless a different mode of payment or distribution is expressly required 
by treaty stipulation; in which case, the views of the tribe in general 
council will be taken ; and if the mode prescribed by treaty be insisted 
on, after a full explanation and due consideration it will be adopted. 

It is alleged by the writers of the letters referred to that the pro¬ 
vision of the law declaring null and void executory contracts with the 
Indians, if applied to past transactions, ivill be ex post facto. As no 
such question, however, is raised by enjoining per capita payments, 
-which, as stated, is only in accordance with the course pursued in your 
superintendency for several years past, it is unnecessary to inquire how 
far the Indians are capable of making contracts with individuals of a 
legal and binding nature, being considered in the light of wards under the 
guardianship of the government. It is certain that no such contracts 
are provided for, either by law or regulations; are, therefore, w ithout 
legal authority; and that they could not be enforced against the Indians, 
as there are no civil courts or remedies in the Indian country. Before 
they could be entitled to any consideration from the department, on moral 
or equitable principles, they should be shown to have been made under 
justifiable circumstances, and for a fair and just consideration. Contracts, 
or other obligations for the payment of money, are said to exist between 
traders and alleged creditors and the Pottawatomies, and one or two other 
tribes, which would be carried out, if the government would pay the money 
to the chiefs. But as the law was passed to cure the evils which have 
resulted from this mode of payment, the President would not be justified in 
permitting this to be done, unless fully satisfied that the contracts w^ere 
made under such circumstances and for such consideration as entitled them 
to be respected, and as would justify a departure from the policy of the 
law. This could only be ascertained by the claims on account of which 


90 


such contracts or obligations were granted being submitted to this 
department, with all the facts and circumstances, for investigation and 
for the consideration of the President. 

There is no disposition on the part of the government to interfere with 
or to throw any obstacle in the way of the payment by the Indians of 
their just debts, either individual or national. The payment of their 
annuities to them individually will enable them to discharge those of the 
former class; and on its being ascertained, by a full and fair investiga¬ 
tion by the department, that if any of the tribes owe any which should 
justly be considered of the latter class, and which were justified by the 
circumstances and objects under and for which they were created, no 
objection will be made to the Indians setting apart such portions of their 
annuities for their payment as can, properly and consistently with their 
individual wants and necessities, be spared for that purpose. But all 
such claims must be presented prior to the first of April next, in order 
that they may be investigated, and such arrangements made in regard 
to their payment as may appear to be requisite and proper, prior to the 
annuity payments next year; and you will please cause all claimants to 
be notified accordingly. It is a leading object of the department to have 
all old transactions with the Indians finally arranged and closed, and 
that hereafter all intercourse and trade with them maybe regulated and 
conducted according to simple and well-defined principles, by which all 
parties may clearly understand their relative positions, duties, and rights. 
It must be distinctly understood, however, that hereafter no national 
debts will be paid or in any manner recognized by the government , unless 
justified by paramount necessity, and the facts and circumstances ren¬ 
dering their creation necessary be first communicated to the department, 
and its assent obtained before any liability whatever is incurred; 

It is not intended, by the directions herein contained, to debar the 
Indians from setting apart such portions of their annuities as they may 
see proper for purely charitable purposes, or for such national objects as 
may be calculated to improve their condition and to advance their gen¬ 
eral welfare—such as schools, and the encouragement of agriculture and 
the mechanic arts, &c. On the contrary, they should be encouraged and 
stimulated to make such a disposition of a portion of the ample income 
which they, in most cases, enjoy; as money so applied will result in 
national and individual benefit, and lessen the means of evil-disposed 
individuals to indulge in vicious propensities, and render it necessary 
for all to adopt more industrious habits in order to obtain the necessaries 
and comforts of life. 

Nor are these directions intended to apply to the $50,000 payable to 
the Pottawatomies under the fifth article of the treaty of June, 1846, 
which is set apart for certain specific purposes. It is represented that, 
at the making of the treaty, there was an understanding as to the man¬ 
ner in which this sum should be paid; and you are authorized to cause 
it to be paid accordingly. 

The case of Joseph Bobideaux, to which you have specially called the 
attention of the department, the President is willing to make an excep¬ 
tion, in consideration of your having satisfied yourself last year, at the 
annuity payment of the Iowas and the Sacs and Eoxes of the Missouri, 
that his trade with those Indians had for years been fair and liberal; 
that the Indians admitted, and you were convinced, that his claims were 
just; and that you consented to their giving their written obligations for 
paying him in three installments, one of which was paid last year, and 
promised your influence in having the other two paid this and the next 
year. Under these circumstances, which constitute Mr. Bobideaux’s 


91 


case a special one, you are authorized, to permit this arrangement to be 
carried into effect, if still desired by the Indians. 

Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, 

W. MEDILL. 


Circular relative to annual reports of superintendents and agents in the 
service of the Indian Department. 

Department of the Interior, 

Office Indian Affairs , June —, 18—. 

Sir : The following general instructions are given for the guidance of 
the officers and employes of this bureau in regard to the matter of pre¬ 
paring and forwarding the usual annual reports upon the subject of the 
condition ot Indian affairs within the bounds of the various superintend¬ 
encies and agencies of the department: 

1. Superintendents will direct the agents under their supervision to 
make their report embrace the condition of the service within their 
respective agencies for the period intervening between the date of the 
last annual report, whether made by themselves or predecessors, and the 
1st ot September proximo, (see, however, exception in paragraph hereof, 
No. 3,) which report, with the sub-reports of teachers and other employes, 
together with the required tables of population, school, agricultural, and 
other statistics,.must be submitted to their superintendent as soon after 

1 the 1st of September as practicable. 

2. Immediately after receiving said reports, sub-reports, and tables, 
the superintendent will examine the same, and thereupon prepare his 
own report, which, with those of the agents under his charge, he will, 
without delay, forward to this office, so that all the papers may be 
received by it at a date not later than the 1st of October proximo. 

3. The super intendencies of Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, 
Arizona, Montana, Idaho, and Utah, being more remote from the capital 
of the nation than the others, and the time of transmission of papers by 
mail to this city requiring a longer period, the superintendents and agents 
thereof should make up their reports to such date , prior to the 1st of /Sep¬ 
tember , as will allow time for the same to be received at this office not 
later than the 1st October proximo. 

4. Should a superintendent find that an agent has forgotten or omitted 
to notice in his report matters of interest or importance that should be 
embraced therein, or should it be discovered that the statistical.tables 
are incomplete in items that it is possible to obtain, he will forthwith 
call upon that agent for a report in regard to such matters, which, when 
received, must be forwarded at once to this office, if the annual 'report of 
the superintendent shall have gone forward. 

5. The reports must be written legibly upon alternate pages of fools¬ 
cap paper, and care taken to give the proper heading, showing where 
written and the date; also to write names of persons and places correctly 
and plainly. 

G. Blank forms of statistical tables will be furnished, in connection 
with copies of this circular, to the superintendents for distribution to the 
agents under their charge; and they will also be furnished to the agents 
of the several independent and special agencies. It is expected that all 
will use their best endeavors to-have the statistics as complete as possi¬ 
ble in every item. Where positive data are not at hand in regard to any 
one item or more, an estimate therefor should be made upon the most 



92 


reliable information that can be obtained; and these statistical tables 
should be uniformly made down to the 1st of August. 

7. In case of any agent failing to report, or where, from cause, any 
agency shall not be represented by an agent, the superintendent will, in 
his own report, state the fact, and notice particularly the affairs of such 
agency according to the information he may have respecting them. 

8. These instructions also apply to agents in charge of independent 
and special agencies, and will be strictly observed by them. 

It is expected that the requirements contained in the foregoing instruc¬ 
tions will be carefully and promptly complied with by each and every 
officer of the department; that they will take special interest in the mat¬ 
ter, and by furnishing statements of such facts and circumstances of 
importance as shall have come under their observation with reference to 
the affairs of the tribes over whom they are placed, enable the office to 
present in its annual report as correct and comprehensive an exhibit of 
the condition of the Indian service for the past year as it is possible to 
make. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 


Commissioner. 


Circular. 

Department of the Interior, 

Office Indian Affairs , Washington ,-, 186-. 

Sir : You are requested to forward, as early as possible, statement of 
your employes for the-quarter of-. 

This statement must be made out as follows: 

1. Give your own name and the names of each of your employes. 

2. The capacity in which each serves. 

3. From whence appointed. 

4. Place where born. 

5. Date of commencement of service. 

6. Date of resignation or discharge. 

7. The point at which employed. 

8. The tribes for which employed. 

9. The amount of annual compensation. 

10. Your post office address. 

You will continue to forward these statements promptly at the end of 
each quarter, and you mil keep the department advised by letter, imme¬ 
diately upon its occurrence, of the termination of service of any of your 
employes, and of the appointment of a successor. 

Keports upon this subject, and statements of employes, must be trans¬ 
mitted separate and apart from other official papers. 

It has been found difficult heretofore to impress superintendents and 
agents with the importance of furnishing this information; and a failure 
hereafter to do so will be considered a neglect of duty of grave character. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 


To 


1 

Commissioner. 












93 


Special Circular. 

Department of the Interior, 

Office Indian Affairs, - ? 18_. 

Sir . Much delay and inconvenience lias heretofore been imposed upon 
this office by the neglect of some of its agents to respond promptly to 
circulars and letters calling for estimates of annuity goods required for 
their respective tribes. Some of the superintendents and agents have 
been uniformly punctual in this regard, while others either send their 
^ estimates too late to be,of service, or neglect to forward them at all. 

The object of this circular is to inform all superintendents and agents 
of this department, whose duty it is to submit feucli estimates, that said 
estimates must be at this office not later than the 1st day of September 
in each year, and that any neglect of this duty will be made the subject 
ot a special report to the Secretary of the Interior, with such recom¬ 
mendations as may be deemed advisable in regard to the delinquent 
superintendent or agent. 

All estimates made by agents should be sent through their respective 
superintendents, accompanied with suggestions as to wliat point, and by 
what route, the goods should be shipped, and a duplicate thereof should 
be sent to this office direct. 

The superintendent will, in all cases, indorse his approval or disap- 
proval on the estimate, and transmit the same to this office without 
unnecessary delay. 

L Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

* -, Commissioner. 


Circular. 

Department of the Interior, 
Office Indian Affairs, November 5, 18G . 
To Superintendents and Agents: 

Many of the agents of this department, and several of the superin¬ 
tendents, not comprehending the rule of the treasury in the computation 
of the salaries of their subordinates, wlien employed by the year at a cer¬ 
tain salary per annum , it has been thought necessary, in order to secure 
uniformity in the payments hereafter, to have printed the annexed table, 
which is a computation of salary at $500 per annum in all its fractions. 

In making payments, the superintendent or agent will consult the table, 
and easily arrive at the correct result by multiplying the per diem, 
whether the salary to be paid is $500, $1,000, $1,500, or $2,000, bearing 
in mind that all persons in the service at a stated salary per annum are 
paid quarterly one-fourth of their salary , whether the quarter contains 00, 
91, or 92 days; therefore, when such employe serves the entire quarter, 
the rule is so plain that no difficulty is likely to occur; but when the ser¬ 
vices are for a fraction of the quarter , the disbursing officer must see in 
what quarter they were performed, and pay the per diem indicated by the 
table, noticing particularly that the per diem is not the same in each 
quarter, as is generally supposed. 

(This table has no reference to employes by the month.) 

WM. P. DOLE, 
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 





94 


Salaries—fractions of quarters —$500 per year. 


Days. 

1st quarter, 90 days. 

2d quarter, 91 days 

6 

© 

a . 

£ x 

c* 

•8 

CO 

Days. 

1st quarter, 90 days. 

2d quarter, 91 days. 

3d & 4tli quarters, 

92 days. 

>> 

a 

ft 

1st quarter, 90 days. 

1 2d quarter, 91 days. 

1 

3d & 4th quarters, 

92 days. 

1 

$1 39 

$1 37 

$1 36 

32 

$44 44 

$43 96 

$43 48 

63 

$87 50 

$86 54 

$85 60 

o 

2 77 

2 75 

2 72 

33 

45 83 

45 33 

44 84 

64 

88 89 

87 91 

86 96 

3 

4 16 

4 12 

4 08 

34 

47 22 

46 70 

46 20 

65 

90 28 

89 29 

88 32 

4 

5 55 

5.49 

5 43 . 

35 

48 61 

48 08 

46 55 

66 

91 67 

90 66 

89 67 

5 

6 94 

6 87 

6 79 

36 

50 00 

49 45 

48 91 

67 

93 06 

92 03 

91 03 

t5 

8 33 

8 24 

8 15 

37 ’ 

51 39 

50 82 

53 27 

68 

94 45 

93 41 

92 39 

7 

9 72 

9 61 

9 51 

38 

52 78 

52 20 

51 63 

69 

95 84 

94 78 

93 75 

8 

11 11 

10 99 

10 87 

39 

54 17 

53 57 

53 00 

•70 

97 23 

96 15 

95 11 

9 

12 50 

12 36 

12 23 

40 

55 56 

54 95 

54 35 

71 

98 62 

97 53 

96 47 

10 

13 88 

13 74 

13 59 

41 

56 95 

56 32 

55 71 

72 

100 00 

98 90 

97 83 

11 

15 28 

15 11 

14 95 

42 

58 34 

57 69 

57 07 

73 

101 39 

100 27 

99 18 

12 

16 66 

16 48 

16 30 

43 

59 72 

59 07 

58 42 

74 

102 78 

101 65 

100 a4 

13 

18 06 

17 86 

17 66 

44 

61 11 

6i) 44 

59 78 

75 

104 17 

103 02 

101 90 

14 

19 44 

19 23 

19 02 

45 

62 50 

61 81 

61 14 

76 

105 56 

104 40 

103 26 

15 

20 83 

20 60 

20 38 

46 

63 89 

63 19 

62 50 

77 

106 95 

105 77 

104 62 

16 

22 22 

21 98 

21 74 

47 

65 28 

64 56 

63 86 

78 

108 34 

107 14 

105 98 

17 

24 61 

23 35 

23 10 

48 

66 67 

65 93 

65 22 

79 

109 73 

108 52 

107 34 

IS 

25 00 

24 72 

24 46 

49 

68 06 

67 31 

66 57 

80 

111 11 

109 89 

108 70 

19 

26 39 

26 C9 

25 81 

50 

69 45 

68 68 

67 93 

81 

112 50 

111 26 

110 95 

20 

27 77 

27 47 

27 17 

51 

70 84 

70 05 

69 29 

82 

113 88 

112 64 

111 41 

21 

29 17 

28 85 

28 53 

52 

72 23 

71 43 

70 65 

83 

115 28 

114 01 

112 77 

22 

30 55 

30 22 

29 89 

53 

73 62 

72 80 

72 01 

84 

116 66 

115 38 

114 13 

23 

31 94 

31 59 

31 25 

54 

75 00 

74 18 

73 37 

85 

118 05 

116 76 

115 49 

24 

33 33 

32 97 

32 61 

55 

76 39 

75 55 

74 73 

86 

119 44 

118 13 

116 85 

25 

34 72 

34 34 

33 98 

56 

77 78 

76 92 

76 09 

87 

120 82 

119 51 

118 21 

26 

36 11 

35 71 

35 32 

57 

79 17 

78 30 

77 45 

88 

122 22 

120 88 

119 57 

27 

37 50 

37 09 

36 68 

58 

80 56 

79 67 

78 80 

89 

123 61 

122 25 

120 92 

28 

38 89 

38 46 

38 04 

59 

81 95 

81 04 

80 16 

90 

125 CO 

123 63 

122 28 

29 

40 28 

39 83 

39 40 

60 

83 34 

82 42 

81 52 

91 


125 00 

123 64 

OA 

A 1 £7 

41 21 

40 76 

61 

84 73 

83 79 

82 88 

92 



125 GO 

ou 

31 

L O / 

43 06 

42 58 

42 12 

62 

86 11 

1 

85 16 

84 24 





Circular. 

Treasury Department, 

Second Comptroller’s Office, 

Washington , March 1, 18G4. 

The rules for the computation of time in making payments to employes 
of the government having been so construed as in many cases to oper¬ 
ate unjustly against the government, the following have been adopted 
and will be observed, when applicable, in all payments made hereafter: 

1. The law providing compensation having ignored unequal durations 
of months, by allotting the same pay to each; and the pay tables hav¬ 
ing, for convenience, subdivided each month’s pay into thirty equal 
parts, thus paying, in twelve months of thirty days each, the full salary 
provided by law for the entire year, the months should be assumed, in 
computing pay, as they are by law, to be of equal length, any other 
duration than thirty days being ignored. 

2. To conform with the foregoing, to secure greater accuracy in com¬ 
putation, and to save the trouble and delay of four distinct calculations 
of monthly pay in hereafter computing the time of service of govern¬ 
ment officers and employes, thirty days will be assumed as the length 
of each and every month in the year. 

3. For any full month’s service performed by persons employed by the 
government at a stipulated monthly rate of compensation, (or yearly 
salary, if paid in regular monthly or bi-monthly installments,) payments 
will be made at such stipulated monthly rate, without regard to the 
number of days the months paid for may contain. 






























95 


4. In cases when the service commences on an intermediate day of the 
month, and thus embraces only a fractional part thereof, thirty days will 
be assumed to constitute the entire duration of such month, whether the 
calendar length thereof be 28, 29, 30, or 31 days, and pay will be com¬ 
puted accordingly. 

5. When the service terminates at an intermediate day of the month, 
and hence embraces but a fractional part thereof, the whole number of 
days during which service was rendered in such fractional part of a 
month will be allowed in making payments. 

6. For convenience in calculating service embracing two or more 
months, or parts of months, but oue fraction will be made. Thus, from 
the 21st of September to the 25th of November, inclusive , will be calcu¬ 
lated—from 21st September to 20th October, inclusive, as one month; 
from October 21 to November 20, inclusive , another month; and from 
21st to 25th November, inclusive , live days—making two months and 
live days. 

7. When two fractions of months occur in any account for service, 
both together being less than a whole month, as from the 21st of August 
to the 10th of September, the calculation of time will be from August 
21 to 30, inclusive, (ignoring the 31st,) ten days, and from the 1st to the 
10th September, inclusive, ten days—making the time to be paid for 
twenty days. 

8. Service commencing in February will be calculated as though that 
month contained thirty days; thus, from February 21 to end of month, 
inclusive, ten days will be allowed, though the actual time be but eight 
or nine days: Provided , that when service commences on the last day of 
February, payment will be made for only one day in that month. 

9. The foregoing rules do not apply to commutation of rations, nor to 
laborers employed at a per diem allowance. In computing them, the 
actual number of days are to be ascertained and allowed. 

10. Laborers employed by the month and actually performing their 
first day’s labor on the 31st day of any month, will be paid for that day. 

11. Soldiers rendering little or no service on the day of enlistment or 
discharge, payment for both by the government is unjust. The day of 
discharge, therefore, will hereafter be allowed, and the day of enlistment 
excluded. 

12. Individual pay accounts and company and staff pay rolls should 
distinctly specify the exact time during which officers actually rendered 
service, under authority entitling to pay, in the grade for which pay is 
claimed. 

13. When accounts are hereafter rendered for service stated to have 
been performed from one given date to another, one of the days named 
will be excluded, unless it is specified or clearly shown by the form of 
the account that the service rendered was ^inclusive” of both. 

J. M. BKODHEAD, 

Comptroller . 


Circular. 

Treasury Department, 

Second Comptroller’s Office , February 9, 1869. 

The attention of all disbursing officers and agents of the United States, 
especially of those on the Pacific coast, whose accounts are settled 
through the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors’ offices, is called to the 
provisions of the last clause of the 21st section of the act of August G, 





96 



1846, entitled “An act'to provide for tlie better organization of tbe treas¬ 
ury, and for tbe collection, safe-keeping, transfer, and disbursement of 
tbe public revenue,’ 7 (9 Stat., G5,) which is as follows: 

“No officer of tlie United States shall, either directly or indirectly, 
sell or dispose to any person or persons, or corporations, whatsoever, 
for a premium, any treasury note, draft, warrant, or other public secu¬ 
rity, not his private property, or sell or dispose of the avails or proceeds 
of such note, draft, warrant, or security, in his hands for disbursement, 
without making return of such premium, and accounting therefor by 
charging the same in his accounts to the credit of the United States; . 
and any officer violating this section shall be forthwith dismissed from 
office.” 

These provisions are construed to apply to sales of coin, or drafts pay¬ 
able in coin,.for a premium in “lawful money” of the United States, or 
bank notes used as currency; and such premium is held to be “public 
money” within the intent and meaning of the act of Congress approved 
June 14, 1866, entitled “An act to regulate and secure the safe-keeping 
of public money intrusted to disbursing officers of the United States.” 
(14 Stat., 64.) 

Therefore, all such disbursing officers and agents of the United States 
who shall receive coin, or drafts payable in coin, for disbursement, are 
instructed to render separate abstracts of the amounts so received and 
disbursed by them; and in transferring specie funds and making pay- . 
ments the receipts therefor should show that they were made in coin. 
And in all cases where coin, or a draft payable in coin, has been received 
and sold, or exchanged for “lawful money,” or bank notes used as cur¬ 
rency, at a premium, disbursing officers and agents are required, in 
making up their accounts for rendition and settlement at the treasury, 
to charge themselves with the full amount of the premium on all such 
sales, and account for the same as “public money” received. 


J. M. BKODHEAD, 

Comptroller. 


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